Special feature: ecology and management of conifer plantations in Japan: control of tree growth and maintenance of biodiversity
Special feature: ecology and management of conifer plantations in Japan: control of tree growth and maintenance of biodiversity
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专题：日本针叶树人工林的生态和管理：控制树木生长和维持生物多样性
DOI：
10.1007/s10310-006-0220-0
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
S. Ito
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Nagaike;T. Masaki;S. Ito
本专题汇集了2004年4月3日在日本林学会第115届年会期间举行的题为"针叶林的生态学"的会议上发表的论文。在过去的50年里，日本广泛而密集地建立了商业针叶树人工林，因此人工林面积已增长到1040万公顷，占全国土地面积的27%。然而，日本以人工林为基础的林业目前面临困难，原因是来自廉价进口木材的竞争日益激烈，以及当地森林管理的密集程度（私人森林的人均面积不到1公顷）。这一趋势导致森林所有者进行各种管理试验，以确定如何提高种植园生产的木材的价值。除了生产木材外，现在还期望种植园发挥生态和其他功能，例如保护生物多样性和保护供水集水区，就像其他温带国家的情况一样（Kerr 1999;摩尔和艾伦1999）。为了在现有的人工林中同时满足这些不同的需求，需要开发新的管理系统，将生态目标纳入其中。例如，它们包括（1）保留超过最初预期轮伐期的树木，以建立更复杂的森林结构，（2）维护生物多样性，以及（3）针对各种管理目标的措施之间的相互关系。在这一新范式背景下对日本人工林的生态学研究最近才发表（Ito et al. 2003; Masaki et al. 2004; Nagaike and Hayashi 2004; Yoshida et al. 2005; Kajimoto et al. 2006;永井and Yoshida 2006），现有的工作仍不足以为管理提供全面指导。这一特色有两个主要主题：在新的管理系统下种植的针叶树的生长，以及人工林的生物多样性特征。更具体地说，文章报道了（1）树木生长与延长年龄轮伐和组选择后，（2）生物多样性及其与自然更新和栖息地管理的密切关系，在人工林野生动物。解决的中心问题是：树木生长和生物多样性如何应对新的人工林管理系统？可采取哪些措施来维持和提高人工林的木材生产和生物多样性？
This special feature brings together papers that were presented at the session titled “The Ecology of Conifer Plantations,” held during the 115th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society on April 3, 2004. Over the past 50 years in Japan, there has been widespread and intensive establishment of commercial conifer plantations, and consequently the area of plantations has grown to 10.4 million ha, or 27% of the land area of the entire country. However, the Japanese plantation-based forest industry faces difficulty at present due to increasing competition from cheaper imported timber and the intensiveness of local forest management (the area per owner for private forest is less than 1ha). This trend has resulted in forest owners’ conducting various management trials to identify ways of enhancing the value of timber produced in plantations. In addition to producing timber, plantations are now also expected to perform ecological and other functions such as conserving biological diversity and protecting water supply catchments, as is the case in other temperate countries (Kerr 1999; Moore and Allen 1999). To achieve these various needs simultaneously in existing plantations, new management systems need to be developed that incorporate ecological objectives. They include, for example,(1) retaining trees beyond the originally intended rotation age to establish a more complex forest structure,(2) maintenance of biodiversity, and (3) interrelationships between measures targeting the various management objectives. Ecological studies on Japanese plantations in the context of this new paradigm have only recently been published (Ito et al. 2003; Masaki et al. 2004, Nagaike and Hayashi 2004; Yoshida et al. 2005; Kajimoto et al. 2006; Nagai and Yoshida 2006), and the body of work available is still insufficient to provide full guidance to management. This special feature has two principal themes: the growth of planted conifers under the new management systems, and biodiversity characteristics of plantations. To be more specific, the articles report studies of (1) tree growth with extended-age rotations and after group-selection cutting and (2) biodiversity and its close relation to natural regeneration and habitat management for wildlife in plantations. The central questions addressed are: How do tree growth and biodiversity respond to new plantation management systems? What measures can be used to maintain and enhance timber production and biodiversity in the plantations?
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Forest Ecology and Management 194
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
Annals of Forest Science 61
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
Journal of Forest Research (印刷中)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ito;S.;Ishigami;S.;Mitsuda;Y.;Buckley;G.P.
通讯作者：
G.P.