Exuberant and inhibited toddlers: Stability of temperament and risk for problem behavior
Exuberant and inhibited toddlers: Stability of temperament and risk for problem behavior
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579408000199
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发表时间：
2008-03
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
C. Stifter;S. Putnam;Laudan B. Jahromi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Stifter;S. Putnam;Laudan B. Jahromi
摘要对72名2岁儿童的气质、努力控制和问题行为进行了评估，这些儿童被分为活泼、抑制和低反应三类。与其他学龄前儿童相比，精力旺盛的学龄前儿童更积极，对新奇的人有更好的社交反应，不那么害羞，被认为有更多的问题行为，包括外化和内化行为。努力控制的两种形式，延迟反应的能力和产生次优反应的能力，与较少的外化行为有关，而当失望时表达更多的负面情绪(相对于积极/中性情绪)与更多的内化行为有关。互动效应表明，在失望期间，高水平的失控情绪是活跃儿童问题行为的风险因素。
Abstract Temperament, effortful control, and problem behaviors at 4.5 years were assessed in 72 children classified as exuberant, inhibited, and low reactive as 2-year-olds. Exuberant toddlers were more positive, socially responsive to novel persons, less shy, and rated as having more problem behaviors, including externalizing and internalizing behaviors, than other children as preschoolers. Two forms of effortful control, the ability to delay a response and the ability to produce a subdominant response, were associated with fewer externalizing behaviors, whereas expressing more negative affect (relative to positive/neutral affect) when disappointed was related to more internalizing behaviors. Interaction effects implicated high levels of unregulated emotion during disappointment as a risk factor for problem behaviors in exuberant children.