Papilio butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of Lilium
Papilio butterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination explains floral syndrome dichotomy in a clade of Lilium
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凤蝶与天蛾授粉解释了百合分支中花综合症的二分法
DOI：
10.1093/botlinnean/boab074
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
高云东
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu Chang-Qiu;Yang Niu;Lu Qing-Biao;Chen Zhe;Cai Bo;Fang Ye;高云东
授粉生态位的变化可以导致密切相关的植物物种之间显着的花分化。百合的 Leucolirionclade 包含具有花被片下弯或喇叭形花朵的物种。花被片下弯的花朵呈亮橙色，可能由蝴蝶和/或鸟类授粉。喇叭形的花大多呈浅色，芳香浓郁，可能允许多种天蛾来访。白花百合有喇叭形的花，该物种的一些种群在花的外表面显示出深色，表明是哺乳动物授粉的。我们通过花卉访客观察、花粉负荷分析和授粉实验确定了传粉媒介并检查了繁殖对传粉媒介的依赖性。我们还分析了花的性状，以对比涉及不同鳞翅目类群的两种花综合症。花被片下弯的百合专门为一群凤蝶授粉，花粉主要附着在后翅上。这些喇叭形的花朵几乎完全由天蛾授粉，包括具有不同长度喙的多种物种。没有发现哺乳动物造访具有深色花外表面的L.leucanthum种群。自交不亲和现象在整个进化枝中普遍存在，包括授粉媒介稀缺的种群。蝴蝶和天蛾授粉的物种表现出截然不同的花综合症。我们的研究结果证实，Leucolirionclade 中花综合症的二分法与凤蝶与天蛾授粉有关，而 L.leucanthum 花外表面颜色的种内变化则需要非授粉媒介的解释。
Pollination niche shifts can drive remarkable floral divergence between closely related plant species. TheLeucolirionclade ofLiliumcontains species with either tepal-recurved or trumpet-shaped flowers. The tepal-recurved flowers are bright orange and might be pollinated by butterflies and/or birds. The trumpet-shaped flowers are mostly pale and strongly fragrant and might permit visitation by a variety of hawkmoths.Lilium leucanthumhas trumpet-shaped flowers, and some populations of this species show dark coloration on the floral outer surface, suggesting pollination by mammals. We identified pollinators and examined the dependence of reproduction on pollinators by floral visitor observations, pollen load analysis and pollination experiments. We also analysed floral traits to contrast the two floral syndromes involving different lepidopteran groups. The tepal-recurved lilies are specialized on a group ofPapiliobutterflies for pollination with pollen predominantly attached to the hindwings. The trumpet-shaped flowers are almost exclusively pollinated by hawkmoths, including diverse species with proboscises of different lengths. No mammal visitation was found to the populations ofL.leucanthumwith dark outer surfaces of flowers. Self-incompatibility prevails throughout the clade, including the populations in which pollinators were scarce. The butterfly- and hawkmoth-pollinated species display contrasting floral syndromes. Our findings confirmed that the dichotomy in floral syndrome in theLeucolirionclade is associated withPapiliobutterfly vs. hawkmoth pollination, whereas intraspecific variation in colour of the floral outer surface ofL.leucanthummany need a non-pollinator explanation.