Empathy constrained: Prejudice predicts reduced mental simulation of actions during observation of outgroups
Empathy constrained: Prejudice predicts reduced mental simulation of actions during observation of outgroups
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2010.03.011
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Inzlicht, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gutsell, Jennifer N.;Inzlicht, Michael
感知-行动耦合是指在感知行动过程中，神经系统对行动的替代激活，被认为对包括共情在内的人际敏感形式很重要。我们假设感知-行动耦合仅限于内群体：神经运动网络会对行动感知开火，但只有当对象-人属于内群体时；如果对象-人属于外群体，这些运动神经元就不会被激活。使用脑电图振荡作为感知-行动耦合的指标，我们发现了这一点：参与者在行动和观察群体内行为时表现出运动皮层的活动，但在观察外群体时却没有——这种效应被偏见和不喜欢的群体放大了（南亚人，然后是黑人，接着是东亚人）。这些发现为偏见的另一个有害方面提供了大脑活动的证据：对他人行为状态的自发和隐性模拟可能仅限于亲近的人，如果没有积极的努力，可能无法用于外部群体。(C) 2010爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Perception-action-coupling refers to the vicarious activation of the neural system for action during perception of action, and is considered important for forms of interpersonal sensitivity, including empathy. We hypothesize that perception-action-coupling is limited to the ingroup: neural motor networks will fire upon the perception of action, but only when the object-person belongs to the ingroup; if the object-person belongs to an outgroup these motor neurons will not fire. Using electroencephalographic oscillations as an index of perception-action-coupling, we found exactly this: participants displayed activity over motor cortex when acting and when observing ingroups act, but not when observing outgroups - an effect magnified by prejudice and for disliked groups (South-Asians, then Blacks, followed by East Asians). These findings provide evidence from brain activity for yet another detrimental aspect of prejudice: a spontaneous and implicit simulation of others' action states may be limited to close others and, without active effort, may not be available for outgroups. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.