Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity?
Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity?
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DOI：
10.2307/2648068
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Bianchi, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bianchi, SM
尽管母亲的劳动力参与率迅速上升，但随着时间的推移，母亲与孩子在一起的时间往往相当稳定。过去，由于无报酬的家务劳动和家务劳动的需要，以及特别是在大家庭中使用母亲替代品来照顾孩子，失业母亲与孩子在一起的时间减少了。如今，有工作的母亲会想方设法最大限度地利用与孩子在一起的时间：她们仍然很可能从事兼职工作，或者在孩子年幼时退出劳动力市场几年;她们在其他时间的使用方面（家务、志愿工作、休闲）也与无工作的母亲不同。此外，儿童生活的变化（例如，随着家庭规模的缩小、学前教育入学率的提高、随着越来越多的人上大学而在经济上依赖父母的时间延长，孩子们需要父母投入的时间和金钱正在发生变化，在婚姻关系中，父亲花在孩子身上的时间比过去更多，也许增加了孩子们与父母在一起的总时间，尽管母亲离家工作的时间更多了。
Despite the rapid rise in mothers' labor force participation, mothers' time with children has tended to be quite stable over time. In the past, nonemployed mothers' time with children was reduced by the demands of unpaid family work and domestic chores and by the use of mother substitutes for childcare, especially in large families. Today employed mothers seek ways to maximize time with children: They remain quite likely to work part-time or to exit from the labor force for some years when their children are young; they also differ from nonemployed mothers in other uses of time (housework, volunteer work, leisure). In addition, changes in children's lives (e.g., smaller families, the increase in preschool enrollment, the extended years of financial dependence on parents as more attend college) are altering the time and money investments that children require from parents, within marriage, fathers are spending more time with their children than in the past, perhaps increasing the total time children spend with parents even as mothers work more hours away from home.