Microbial activities in forest soils exposed to chronic depositions from a lignite power plant
Microbial activities in forest soils exposed to chronic depositions from a lignite power plant
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DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.05.011
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发表时间：
2004-12
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
S. Klose;K. Wernecke;F. Makeschin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Klose;K. Wernecke;F. Makeschin
褐煤发电厂排放的飞灰和二氧化硫对德国的大片森林地区产生了严重影响。以欧洲云杉（Picea abies（L.）喀斯特。）沿着燃煤电厂（分别为站点Ia、II和III）下风向3、6和15 km的排放梯度，代表高、中和低排放率。在距离电厂3 km处选择了另一个站点（站点Ib），以研究粉煤灰和SO2排放下森林类型对针叶林土壤微生物参数的影响。测定了林下土壤（L、Of、Oh层）和矿质表土（0- 10 cm）的微生物生物量C、N、CO2释放量以及L-天冬酰胺酶、L-天冬酰胺酶、β -葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶的活性（以干土和有机碳计）。在沿着15 km长的样带中，排放引起的铁磁性、土壤pH、移动的（NH 4 NO3可提取的）Cd、Cr和Ni浓度、有效阳离子交换量和腐殖质层盐基饱和度的增加显著（P<0.05）反映了过去沉积碱性粉煤灰的影响。长期粉煤灰沉积对土壤微生物和生化参数影响显著（P<0.05）。森林类型的影响（即比较网站Ia和Ib）的研究参数一般占主导地位的沉积效果。碱性沉积显著降低了微生物量C和N、微生物量C/N比和微生物量C/有机C比（P<0.05）。电厂长期沉积物使微生物呼吸作用、代谢商（qCO 2）以及L-天冬酰胺酶、L-天冬酰胺酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶的活性增加。酸性磷酸酶具有最高的比（酶活性表示每单位有机碳）的活性值之间的酶的研究和芳基硫酸酯酶最低。土壤微生物生物量和土壤呼吸对不同大气沉降负荷的响应主要受土壤有机碳含量和阳离子交换量的控制，而土壤酶活性则受土壤pH和移动的重金属浓度的控制。我们的结论是，长期粉煤灰沉积通过影响森林土壤中特定的微生物和酶过程来减少枯枝落叶的分解。
Atmospheric emissions of fly ash and SO2from lignite-fired power plants strongly affect large forest areas in Germany. The impact of different deposition loads on the microbial biomass and enzyme activities was studied at three forest sites (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) along an emission gradient of 3, 6, and 15km downwind of a coal-fired power plant (sites Ia, II, and III, respectively), representing high, moderate and low emission rates. An additional site (site Ib) at a distance of 3km from the power plant was chosen to study the influence of forest type on microbial parameters in coniferous forest soils under fly ash and SO2emissions. Soil microbial biomass C and N, CO2evolved and activities of l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase, β -glucosidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase (expressed on dry soil and organic C basis) were determined in the forest floor (L, Of and Oh horizon) and mineral top soil (0–10cm). The emission-induced increases in ferromagnetic susceptibility, soil pH, concentrations of mobile (NH4NO3extractable) Cd, Cr, and Ni, effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation in the humus layer along the 15km long transect significantly (P<0.05) reflected the effect of past depositions of alkaline fly ash. Soil microbial and biochemical parameters were significantly (P<0.05) affected by chronic fly ash depositions. The effect of forest type (i.e. comparison of sites Ia and Ib) on the studied parameters was generally dominated by the deposition effect. Alkaline depositions significantly (P<0.05) decreased the microbial biomass C and N, microbial biomass C-to-N ratios and microbial biomass C-to-organic C ratios. Microbial respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO2) and the activities of l-asparaginase, l-glutaminase, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase were increased by long-term depositions from the power plants. Acid phosphatase had the highest specific (enzyme activities expressed per unit organic C) activity values among the enzymes studied and arylsulfatase the lowest. The responses of the microbial biomass and soil respiration data to different atmospheric deposition loads were mainly controlled by the content of organic C and cation exchange capacity, while those of enzyme activities were governed by the soil pH and concentrations of mobile heavy metals. We concluded that chronic fly ash depositions decrease litter decomposition by influencing specific microbial and enzymatic processes in forest soils.