Molecular Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Prognosis and Treatment Outcomes.
Molecular Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Prognosis and Treatment Outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1155/2016/8205836
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Horie S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nagata M;Muto S;Horie S
尽管已经报道了许多用于预测膀胱癌（BC）结果的临床和分子标志物，但它们在临床实践中的应用仍不清楚。膀胱癌发生有两种不同的分子途径指导 BC 的发展。 FGFR3 突变在低级别 BC 中很常见，而 TP53 突变或 RB1 缺失与肌肉侵袭性 BC 相关。然而，经BC省前瞻性大规模试验证实的基于组织的基因标记尚未用于临床实践。对 BC 组织的 Micro-RNA 分析显示，miR-145 和 miR-29c⁎ 作为肿瘤抑制因子发挥作用，而 miR-183 和 miR-17-5p 作为致癌 miRNA 发挥作用。在液体活检中，从癌症患者的外周血样本中提取循环肿瘤细胞 (CTC)、外泌体或无细胞 RNA，以分析癌症预后。据报道，CTC 的检测与不良预后因素相关。然而，液体活检在 BC 治疗中的应用仍有待探索。尽管血浆中的 miR-497 或尿液中的 miR-214 等几种无细胞 RNA 可能是有前途的新型循环生物标志物，但就目前情况而言，它们仅用于诊断 BC。在这里，我们讨论新型生物标志物在评估和测量 BC 结果中的应用。
Although many clinical and molecular markers for predicting outcomes in bladder cancer (BC) have been reported, their application in clinical practice remains unclear. Bladder carcinogenesis has two distinct molecular pathways that direct the development of BC. FGFR3 mutations are common in low-grade BC, while TP53 mutation or loss of RB1 is associated with muscle-invasive BC. However, no tissue-based gene markers confirmed by prospective large-scale trials in BC have been used in clinical practice. Micro-RNA analyses of BC tissue revealed that miR-145 and miR-29c⁎ function as tumor suppressors, whereas miR-183 and miR-17-5p function as oncogenic miRNAs. In liquid biopsy, circulating tumor cells (CTC), exosomes, or cell-free RNA is extracted from the peripheral blood samples of cancer patients to analyze cancer prognosis. It was reported that detection of CTC was associated with poor prognostic factors. However, application of liquid biopsy in BC treatment is yet to be explored. Although several cell-free RNAs, such as miR-497 in plasma or miR-214 in urine, could be promising novel circulating biomarkers, they are used only for diagnosing BC as the case that now stands. Here, we discuss the application of novel biomarkers in evaluating and measuring BC outcomes.