CUE COMPETITION IN CAUSALITY JUDGMENTS - THE ROLE OF NONPRESENTATION OF COMPOUND STIMULUS ELEMENTS
CUE COMPETITION IN CAUSALITY JUDGMENTS - THE ROLE OF NONPRESENTATION OF COMPOUND STIMULUS ELEMENTS
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DOI：
10.1006/lmot.1994.1008
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发表时间：
1994-05-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
WASSERMAN, EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
VANHAMME, LJ;WASSERMAN, EA
大学生对食物化合物AX和BX中的元素X、A和B在产生假设患者的过敏反应中的因果效力进行评级。以连续、逐个试验的方式向受试者提供16天过敏试验的结果。使用的回答格式是一个运行估计，其中要求受试者在16次试验中的每一次试验后对所有三种食物进行评分。不同元素A和B的评级分歧和评级的共同元素X下降的AX和BX与过敏反应的发生和不发生的相关性的差异增加。这些人类的因果判断密切对应的刺激选择效应中观察到的条件反应的动物在联想学习的研究。该实验还直接证明了这样一个事实，即在没有提示的情况下，刺激的因果评级会发生显着变化。诸如Rescorla和瓦格纳（1972）等的联想理论，只预测了在特定试验中呈现的那些刺激元素的联想强度的变化。的Rescorla-瓦格纳模型的修改描述，正确地预测立即变化的关联强度的所有相关线索在每个审判是否提出。(C)1994年出版社出版。
College students rated the causal efficacy of Elements X, A, and B of food compounds AX and BX in producing the allergic reaction of a hypothetical patient. The results of a 16-day allergy test were presented to subjects in a serial, trial-by-trial manner. The response format used was a running estimate, in which subjects were asked to rate all of the three foods after each of the 16 trials. Ratings of distinctive Elements A and B diverged and ratings of common Element X decreased as the difference in the correlation of AX and BX with the occurrence and nonoccurrence of the allergic reaction increased. These human causal judgments closely correspond with stimulus selection effects observed in the conditioned responses of animals in associative learning studies. The experiment also directly demonstrated the fact that significant changes in the causal ratings of a stimulus occur on trials in which the cue is not presented. Associative theories such as that of Rescorla and Wagner (1972) predict changes in associative strength only for those stimulus elements that are presented on a particular trial. A modification of the Rescorla-Wagner model is described that correctly predicts immediate changes in the associative strengths of all relevant cues on each trial-whether presented or not. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.