Predator Fitness Increases with Selectivity for Odd Prey
Predator Fitness Increases with Selectivity for Odd Prey
复制标题
捕食者的适应性随着对奇怪猎物的选择性而增加
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.028
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
C. Rutz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Rutz
动物决策的规范模型的基本通用性是达尔文的适应性。在觅食生态学中，经验研究通常通过记录能量摄入率而不是实现的生殖性能来评估觅食策略[1]。这项研究提供了一个罕见的经验联系，在脊椎动物捕食系统中，捕食者的觅食行为和生殖适合度的直接措施。苍鹰有选择地杀死其主要猎物野鸽（Columba livia）的稀有颜色变种，大概是因为在大型统一的鸟群中瞄准长相古怪的鸟有助于它们克服混淆效应，提高攻击成功率[2-4]。个别鹰的繁殖性能显着增加与他们的选择性奇怪的颜色的鸽子，即使在控制混杂的年龄效应。年长的鹰表现出更明显的饮食偏好，这表明狩猎性能随着经验的增加而提高[5，6]。有趣的是，尽管鹰的负频率依赖性捕食对罕见的鸽子表型产生了强烈的选择[7]，但鸽子的颜色多态性通过负选择性交配得以维持[8]。
The fundamental currency of normative models of animal decision making is Darwinian fitness. In foraging ecology, empirical studies typically assess foraging strategies by recording energy intake rates rather than realized reproductive performance [1]. This study provides a rare empirical link, in a vertebrate predator-prey system, between a predator's foraging behavior and direct measures of its reproductive fitness. GoshawksAccipiter gentilisselectively kill rare color variants of their principal prey, the feral pigeonColumba livia, presumably because targeting odd-looking birds in large uniform flocks helps them overcome confusion effects and enhances attack success [2–4]. Reproductive performance of individual hawks increases significantly with their selectivity for odd-colored pigeons, even after controlling for confounding age effects. Older hawks exhibit more pronounced dietary preferences, suggesting that hunting performance improves with experience [5, 6]. Intriguingly, although negative frequency-dependent predation by hawks exerts strong selection against rare pigeon phenotypes [7], pigeon color polymorphism is maintained through negative assortative mating [8].