Strategies to increase the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron and zinc from cereal products.
Strategies to increase the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iron and zinc from cereal products.
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提高谷物产品中铁和锌的生物可及性和生物利用度的策略。
DOI：
10.1017/s0029665123003543
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Arafsha SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arafsha SM
谷物产品提供了英国饮食中50%的铁和30%的锌。然而，尽管含量高，但谷物中矿物质的生物利用度低。这篇综述讨论了提高谷物食品中矿物质生物利用度的策略。铁和锌定位于谷物中的特定组织结构;然而，这些结构的细胞壁抵抗人体胃肠道的消化，因此这些必需矿物质在肠道中吸收的生物可及性有限。此外，矿物质储存在谷物中，与植酸盐结合，植酸盐是矿物质吸收的主要饮食抑制剂。最近的研究集中在提高谷物矿物质生物利用度的方法上。目前的策略包括破坏植物细胞壁以增加消化过程中的矿物质释放（生物可及性）;通过常规育种和/或农艺学生物强化增加矿物质含量或通过降低植酸盐水平来增加矿物质：植酸盐比率;以及遗传生物强化以增加淀粉胚乳中的矿物质含量，其用于生产白色小麦粉。虽然这项工作大部分处于早期阶段，但这些战略有可能导致开发具有增强营养质量的谷物食品，从而解决英国和全球的低矿物质状况。
Cereal products provide 50 % of iron and 30 % of zinc in the UK diet. However, despite having high content, the bioavailability of minerals from cereals is low. This review discusses strategies to increase mineral bioavailability from cereal-based foods. Iron and zinc are localised to specific tissue structures within cereals; however, the cell walls of these structures are resistant to digestion in the human gastrointestinal tract and therefore the bioaccessibility of these essential minerals from foods for absorption in the intestine is limited. In addition, minerals are stored in cereals bound to phytate, which is the main dietary inhibitor of mineral absorption. Recent research has focused on ways to enhance mineral bioavailability from cereals. Current strategies include disruption of plant cell walls to increase mineral release (bioaccessibility) during digestion; increasing the mineral:phytate ratio either by increasing the mineral content through conventional breeding and/or agronomic biofortification, or by reducing phytate levels; and genetic biofortification to increase the mineral content in the starchy endosperm, which is used to produce white wheat flour. While much of this work is at an early stage, there is potential for these strategies to lead to the development of cereal-based foods with enhanced nutritional qualities that could address the low mineral status in the UK and globally.