Prehistoric migration in the Caribbean: past perspectives, new models and the ideal free distribution of West Indian colonization
Prehistoric migration in the Caribbean: past perspectives, new models and the ideal free distribution of West Indian colonization
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加勒比地区的史前移民：过去的观点、新模式和西印度群岛殖民的理想自由分布
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
S. Fitzpatrick
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作者：
Christina M. Giovas;S. Fitzpatrick
摘要从历史上看，考古学家一直在探索两种史前加勒比海殖民的基本方法：依赖历史叙述的方法和通过理论模型提供信息的方法。除了极少数例外，后者并未得到广泛应用。在这里，我们介绍了太平洋考古学中使用的行为生态学模型-理想自由分布(IFD)，以理解加勒比移民和岛屿定居作为适应行为的一种形式。我们使用陆地净初级生产力和岛屿面积作为栖息地适宜性的衡量标准，评估了陶瓷时代(2500BP后)的殖民序列和整个史前岛屿殖民的序列，以符合IFD的预测。我们的结论是，加勒比殖民化的某些方面--最初定居面积较大的高质量栖息地岛屿和移徙脉冲之间的暂时停顿--符合《国际发展框架公约》。然而，对于陶器时代殖民所观察到的模型不一致，最好的解释是前哥伦布时代的航海和先前存在的古代居住者的领土行为的限制。
Abstract Historically, archaeologists have pursued two basic approaches to prehistoric Caribbean colonization: those relying on historical narratives and those informed by theoretical modelling. With few exceptions, the latter have not been widely employed. Here, we introduce a behavioural ecology model used in Pacific archaeology, the ideal free distribution (IFD), to understand Caribbean migration and island settlement as a form of adaptive behaviour. We assess the sequences of Ceramic Age (post-2500 bp) colonization and overall prehistoric island colonization for fit against the predictions of the IFD using terrestrial net primary production and island area as measures of habitat suitability. We conclude that certain aspects of Caribbean colonization – the initial settlement of larger, high-quality-habitat islands and temporal pauses between migration pulses – are consistent with the IFD. Model inconsistencies observed for Ceramic Age colonization, however, are best explained in terms of the limitations of Pre-Columbian seafaring and territorial behaviour on the part of pre-existing Archaic occupants.