Exercise and biomarkers for cancer prevention studies
Exercise and biomarkers for cancer prevention studies
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/137.1.161s
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
McTiernan, Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Kristin L.;McTiernan, Anne
国际癌症研究机构估计，全球25%的癌症病例是由超重或肥胖以及久坐不动的生活方式引起的。这些生活方式可能通过几种机制增加癌症风险，包括增加雌激素和睾丸激素、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗、增加炎症和抑制免疫功能。几项随机临床试验表明，体育活动和饮食干预可以改变癌症风险的生物标志物。在一项受控的身体活动试验中，我们发现，在超重、久坐的绝经后妇女中，进行1年的运动计划，包括中等强度的有氧运动，45分钟/天，5天/周，血清雌激素、睾酮和胰岛素都有所下降。在另一项针对中老年人的对照试验中，我们发现，1年60分钟/天，6天/周的运动干预，减少了密切遵守该计划的男性的结肠隐窝细胞增殖。只有一项试验，即妇女健康倡议饮食调整试验，公布了饮食干预对乳腺癌发病率的影响结果，并报告在8-12年的低脂饮食模式下，绝经后妇女浸润性乳腺癌发病率降低了9%，统计上不显著。其他正在进行的试验正在测试减肥、体育活动和饮食模式对其他癌症生物标志物的影响。ncl资助的能量学和癌症跨学科研究中心正在探索将能量平衡与癌症风险和预防联系起来的新机制。世界范围内超重和肥胖增加以及身体活动减少的趋势可能导致几种癌症的发病率增加，除非有其他减少风险的手段抵消这些影响。因此，个人和人群对生活方式的改变可能对未来癌症的发病率有很大的影响。
The International Agency for Research on Cancer estimates that 25% of cancer cases worldwide are caused by overweight or obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. These lifestyle patterns may increase cancer risk by several mechanisms including increased estrogens and testosterone, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, increased inflammation, and depressed immune function. Several randomized clinical trials have shown that physical activity and diet interventions can change biomarkers of cancer risk. In a controlled physical activity trial, we found decreases in serum estrogen, testosterone, and insulin in overweight, sedentary postmenopausal women with a 1-y exercise program consisting of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, 45 min/d, 5 d/wk. In another controlled trial in middle-aged to older persons, we found that a 1-y exercise intervention of 60 min/d, 6 d/wk, reduced colon crypt cell proliferation in men who adhered closely to the program. Only 1 trial, the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial, has published results of a dietary intervention on breast cancer incidence and reported a statistically nonsignificant 9% reduction in invasive breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women following a low-fat dietary pattern for 8-12 y. Other trials under way are testing effects of weight loss, physical activity, and dietary patterns on other cancer biomarkers. The NCl-funded Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer centers are exploring novel research into mechanisms linking energy balance with cancer risk and prevention. The worldwide trends toward increasing overweight and obesity and decreasing physical activity may lead to an increased incidence of several cancers unless other means of risk reduction counteract these effects. Thus, adoption of lifestyle changes by individuals and populations may have a large impact on the future incidence of cancer.