PFASs in Soil: How They Threaten Human Health through Multiple Pathways and Whether They Are Receiving Adequate Concern.
PFASs in Soil: How They Threaten Human Health through Multiple Pathways and Whether They Are Receiving Adequate Concern.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06283
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Yingna Xing;Qi Li;Xin Chen;Bin Huang;Lei Ji;Qiang Zhang;Xiaowen Fu;Tianyuan Li;Jianing Wang-Jia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yingna Xing;Qi Li;Xin Chen;Bin Huang;Lei Ji;Qiang Zhang;Xiaowen Fu;Tianyuan Li;Jianing Wang-Jia
全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)已经大规模生产，并广泛应用于消费品和工业产品中，导致它们在环境中广泛存在。环境持久性、生物蓄积性和即使在低剂量下也具有高毒性等特点使全氟辛烷磺酸日益受到关注。本文主要介绍了土壤PFASs，特别是土壤PFASs对其他环境介质的影响，以及它们通过日常饮食对人类健康的潜在威胁。具体地说，首先研究了不同途径对土壤PFASs的污染。使用水性成膜泡沫塑料(AFF)造成的土壤污染通常比使用含氟化学品制造厂的土壤污染更严重，其次是生物固体土地利用、垃圾填埋和灌溉。PFASs的碳链长度、污水处理技术、地理条件和区域发展水平等因素与土壤PFASs的污染有关。然后，分析了土壤中PFASs的迁移、生物积累和毒性特征。短链PFASs具有更高的溶解度、流动性和生物利用度，而长链PFASs具有更高的生物蓄积潜力和对生物更大的毒性。土壤质地、溶液化学条件、酶和施肥条件等因素也会影响PFASs的环境行为。人类通过农产品和动物产品接触全氟辛烷磺酸的风险很难控制，而且因居住地区、年龄、饮食习惯、生活方式、种族等而异。土壤中的全氟辛烷磺酸威胁饮用水安全，影响土壤功能，并进入食物网，威胁人类健康。这些研究领域的知识差距和观点也包括在目前的工作中，以协助未来的研究，有效地调查和了解土壤全氟辛烷磺酸的环境风险，从而减少人类接触。
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been mass-produced and widely applied in consumer and industrial products, resulting in their widespread presence in the environment. Features such as environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity even at low doses have made PFASs an increasing concern. This brief review focuses on soil PFASs, especially the effect of soil PFASs on other environmental media and their potential threats to human health through daily diet. Specifically, soil PFASs contamination caused by different pathways was first investigated. Soil pollution from application of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) is generally more severe than that from fluorochemical manufacturing plants, followed by biosolid land use, landfill, and irrigation. Factors, such as carbon chain length of PFASs, wastewater treatment technology, geographical conditions, and regional development level, are related to soil PFASs' pollution. Then, the migration, bioaccumulation, and toxicity characteristics of soil PFASs were analyzed. Short-chain PFASs have higher solubility, mobility, and bioavailability, while long-chain PFASs have higher bioaccumulation potential and are more toxic to organisms. Factors such as soil texture, solution chemistry conditions, enzymes, and fertilization conditions also influence the environmental behavior of PFASs. The risk of human exposure to PFASs through agricultural and animal products is difficult to control and varies depending on living region, age, eating habits, lifestyle, ethnicity, etc. Soil PFASs threaten drinking water safety, affect soil function, and enter food webs, threatening human health. Knowledge gaps and perspectives in these research fields are also included in current work to assist future research to effectively investigate and understand the environmental risks of soil PFASs, thereby reducing human exposure.