What Do Parents Have to Do with My Cognitive Reserve? Life Course Perspectives on Twelve-Year Cognitive Decline
What Do Parents Have to Do with My Cognitive Reserve? Life Course Perspectives on Twelve-Year Cognitive Decline
复制标题
DOI：
10.1159/000350723
复制
发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Fisher, Gwenith G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gonzalez, Hector M.;Tarraf, Wassim;Fisher, Gwenith G.
背景/目标：通过比较具有全国代表性的美国老年人样本中与认知功能相关的幼儿期和生命历程因素的贡献，来检验认知储备假说。研究方法：我们研究了一项前瞻性的国家概率队列研究（健康与退休研究; 1998-2010），研究对象为美国48个州的老年人（n = 8，833）。主要的认知功能结果是记忆（回忆）、精神状态和工作记忆测试的35分复合。主要预测因素是儿童社会经济地位（SEP）和健康，以及个人水平的成人成就和健康。结果：个人层面的成就指标（即，教育、收入和财富）与基线认知功能显著正相关，而成人健康与认知功能呈负相关。控制个人水平的成人成就和其他模型协变量，儿童健康呈现出相对较小的负相关，但与初始认知功能有统计学意义的相关性。无论是个人成就还是儿童SEP都与随着时间的推移而下降无关。结论：在这项针对美国老年人的全国代表性研究中，据称通过学习和精神刺激获得的认知储备与12年期间较高的初始全球认知功能相关。我们发现很少有支持证据表明，儿童时期的经济条件与认知功能和变化呈负相关，特别是当考虑到个人水平的成就时。版权所有（C）2013 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
Background/Aims: To examine the cognitive reserve hypothesis by comparing the contribution of early childhood and life course factors related to cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older Americans. Methods: We examined a prospective, national probability cohort study (Health and Retirement Study; 1998-2010) of older adults (n = 8,833) in the contiguous 48 United States. The main cognitive functioning outcome was a 35-point composite of memory (recall), mental status, and working memory tests. The main predictors were childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and health, and individual-level adult achievement and health. Results: Individual-level achievement indicators (i.e., education, income, and wealth) were positively and significantly associated with baseline cognitive function, while adult health was negatively associated with cognitive function. Controlling for individual-level adult achievement and other model covariates, childhood health presented a relatively small negative, but statistically significant association with initial cognitive function. Neither individual achievement nor childhood SEP was statistically linked to decline over time. Conclusions: Cognitive reserve purportedly acquired through learning and mental stimulation across the life course was associated with higher initial global cognitive functioning over the 12-year period in this nationally representative study of older Americans. We found little supporting evidence that childhood economic conditions were negatively associated with cognitive function and change, particularly when individual-level achievement is considered. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel