The development of circadian rhythms in a human infant
The development of circadian rhythms in a human infant
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DOI：
10.1093/sleep/22.3.303
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发表时间：
1999-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Herman, JH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McGraw, K;Hoffmann, R;Herman, JH
人类婴儿昼夜节律的发展研究目的-本研究探讨了人类新生儿睡眠、觉醒、温度、褪黑激素和喂养的昼夜节律的个体发育和相互作用，以及光和非光因素对夹带起始的影响。设计-婴儿从出生到6个月的睡眠-觉醒状态、体温和唾液褪黑激素被监测。每小时测量一次体温，连续观察并记录婴儿的睡眠/进食开始/终止，直至第182天。从第3周开始，每周获得唾液褪黑激素，持续24小时。婴儿睡在父母的卧室里。在研究期间，所有家庭成员都按照固定的时间表醒来、休息和吃饭，而婴儿则根据需要吃饭、睡觉和醒来。内裤-亲生父母连续六个月收集数据。干预-婴儿的时间表是按需的;家庭的是固定的。照明仅限于阳光。测量和结果-出生后不久，温度的昼夜节律首先出现，并在一周内变得具有统计学意义。醒来的昼夜节律出现第二，在第45天达到的意义，大约在同一时间，增加褪黑激素浓度开始发生在日落。睡眠昼夜节律最后出现，在第56天后达到显著性。90到120分钟的持续觉醒区域首先出现在出生后第二个月的觉醒和睡眠开始之前。婴儿的夜间睡眠发作与第60天前的日落和随后的家庭就寝时间相关联，这表明最初的光夹带随后是社会夹带。结论：这个婴儿的昼夜节律比以前报道的要快得多;它们的快速出现可能是由于最大限度地暴露在阳光下和定期的社交暗示。这些照明条件复制了人造光发明之前的普遍婴儿体验。
The development of circadian rhythms in a human infant Study Objectives-This study examines the ontogeny and interaction of circadian rhythms of sleep, wake, temperature, melatonin, and feeding in the human newborn, and the influence of photic and non-photic factors on the initiation of entrainment. Design-An infant's sleep-wake state, temperature, and salivary melatonin were monitored from birth to 6 months. Temperature was obtained every hour, and the infant's sleep/eating onset/termination were observed continuously and recorded until day 182. Salivary melatonin was obtained weekly for a 24-hour period, starting at week 3. Setting-The infant slept in his parents' bedroom. All household members awakened, retired, and ate meals according to a fixed schedule during the study, while the infant ate, slept, and woke on demand. Participants-A healthy male infant was the subject. Biological parents gathered data continuously for six months. Interventions-The infant's schedule was on-demand; the household's was fixed. Illumination was restricted to sunlight. Measurements and Results-The circadian rhythm of temperature appeared first, soon after birth, and became statistically significant within one week. The wake circadian rhythm appeared second, attaining significance at day 45; approximately the same time that increased melatonin concentration began to occur at sunset. The sleep circadian rhythm appeared last, attaining significance after day 56. Ninety to 120 minute zones of sustained wakefulness first appeared in the second month of life subsequent to awakening and prior to sleep onset. The infant's nocturnal sleep-onset was coupled to sunset before day 60 and subsequently to family bedtime, giving evidence of initial photic entrainment followed by social entrainment. Conclusions-Circadian rhythms appeared much more rapidly in this infant than previously reported; their rapid appearance was probably facilitated by maximal exposure to sunlight, and regular social cues. These lighting conditions replicate universal infant experience prior to the invention of artificial light.