The hierarchical basis of serial homology and evolutionary novelty
The hierarchical basis of serial homology and evolutionary novelty
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.21531
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发表时间：
2022-11-11
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Wagner, Gunter P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DiFrisco, James;Love, Alan C.;Wagner, Gunter P.
既然进化过程中基因共享的普遍性和生命之树上的同源性程度，那么为什么每一种生物都不与其他生物同源呢？跨谱系的不同性状的连续性和重叠的遗传贡献似乎意味着没有离散的同源性测定是可能的。虽然有些人认为，在部分和过程中的广泛重叠应该被承认为“部分”同源性，这威胁到了大多数生物学家接受的假定比较形态学知识的广泛基础。遵循长期的科学传统，我们提倡一种“理论表达”的策略，即对现有概念进行进一步的区分，以在用于表示生物现象的标签之间产生更高的对比分辨率。我们追求这一战略，借鉴成功的推理模式，从系列同源性的基因序列水平，产生丰富的表征系列同源性作为一个层次，系统发育的概念。具体来说，我们建议，系列同源性的概念应主要适用于重复，但发育个性化的身体部位，如细胞类型，分化的身体部分，或表皮附属物。对于这些字符，可以重建系统发育史，类似于旁系同源基因的家庭，赋予序列同源性的概念与层次，系统发育的解释。在此基础上，我们提出了一个五重理论分类，允许更细粒度的映射不同的特质类型。这有助于回答为什么每一个事物都不与其他事物同源的问题，以及如果任何新的特征都具有进化的前身，那么新奇是如何可能的。我们说明了我们的帐户的繁殖力，参照辩论昆虫翅膀系列同系物和脊椎动物成对的附属物。
Given the pervasiveness of gene sharing in evolution and the extent of homology across the tree of life, why is everything not homologous with everything else? The continuity and overlapping genetic contributions to diverse traits across lineages seem to imply that no discrete determination of homology is possible. Although some argue that the widespread overlap in parts and processes should be acknowledged as "partial" homology, this threatens a broad base of presumed comparative morphological knowledge accepted by most biologists. Following a long scientific tradition, we advocate a strategy of "theoretical articulation" that introduces further distinctions to existing concepts to produce increased contrastive resolution among the labels used to represent biological phenomena. We pursue this strategy by drawing on successful patterns of reasoning from serial homology at the level of gene sequences to generate an enriched characterization of serial homology as a hierarchical, phylogenetic concept. Specifically, we propose that the concept of serial homology should be applied primarily to repeated but developmentally individualized body parts, such as cell types, differentiated body segments, or epidermal appendages. For these characters, a phylogenetic history can be reconstructed, similar to families of paralogous genes, endowing the notion of serial homology with a hierarchical, phylogenetic interpretation. On this basis, we propose a five-fold theoretical classification that permits a more fine-grained mapping of diverse trait-types. This facilitates answering the question of why everything is not homologous with everything else, as well as how novelty is possible given that any new character possesses evolutionary precursors. We illustrate the fecundity of our account by reference to debates over insect wing serial homologs and vertebrate paired appendages.