Role of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in cardiovascular regulation
Role of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in cardiovascular regulation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb02590.x
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发表时间：
1996-02-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Olschowka, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair, ML;Piekut, D;Olschowka, JA
1.下丘脑室旁核（PVH）是一个兼具神经内分泌和自主神经功能的复杂结构，是加压素的主要来源和促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子的主要来源。此外，小细胞 PVH 神经元与脑干自主中心有相互联系，并直接支配交感神经节前神经元，审查的证据表明，在清醒大鼠中，PVH 激活会增加血压、心率、肾神经活动和血浆肾素活性，2，在清醒大鼠中，非低血压性出血（24 分钟内失血 13 mL/kg）导致 Fos 免疫反应性细胞核数量增加在大细胞和小细胞 PVH 神经元内，包括已知含有脑干自主中心和脊髓交感神经节前神经元的神经元投射的腹侧内侧小细胞区域，3，小细胞 PVH 的细胞选择性艾博酸盐损伤显着减弱皮质酮反应，但不会改变血压、心率或血浆肾素浓度对非低血压或低血压出血的反应。这项研究和早期研究表明，虽然 PVH 对于皮质酮反应是必要的，并且有助于失血期间增加加压素释放，但它在交感神经系统和肾素-血管紧张素对低血容量和低血压的反应中不起重要作用4。有证据表明，小细胞 PVH 是心血管和肾素对某些行为应激源反应的必要中继。我们建议，传递到小细胞 PVH 自主区域的心血管信息可用于调节对血流动力学和肾素释放的行为影响，而不是稳态影响。
1. The paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) is a complex structure with both neuroendocrine and autonomic functions, It is a major source of vasopressin and the primary source of corticotropin-releasing factor. In addition, parvicellular PVH neurons have reciprocal connections with brainstem autonomic centres and directly innervate sympathetic preganglionic neurons, Evidence is reviewed which indicates that in conscious rats PVH activation increases blood pressure, heart rate, renal nerve activity and plasma renin activity,2, In conscious rats, a non-hypotensive haemorrhage (13 mL/kg blood loss over 24 min) results in increased numbers of Fos-immunoreactive cell nuclei within both magnocellular and parvicellular PVH neurons, including the ventral medial parvicellular regions known to contain neuronal projections to brainstem autonomic centres and spinal cord sympathetic preganglionic neurons,3, Cell-selective ibotenate lesions of the parvicellular PVH significantly blunt the corticosterone response but do not alter blood pressure, heart rate or plasma renin concentration response to non-hypotensive or hypotensive haemorrhage. This and earlier studies indicate that, while the PVH is necessary for the corticosterone response and contributes to increased vasopressin release during blood loss, it does not play an important role in the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin responses to hypovolaemia and hypotension,4. There is evidence to indicate that the parvicellular PVH serves as a necessary relay for cardiovascular and renin responses to certain behavioural stressors. We propose that cardiovascular information relayed to parvicellular PVH autonomic regions may be used to modulate behavioural, rather than homeostatic, effects on haemodynamics and renin release.