Short-term effects of controlled burning and green-tree retention on beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages in managed boreal forests
Short-term effects of controlled burning and green-tree retention on beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages in managed boreal forests
复制标题
受控燃烧和绿树保留对管理北方森林中甲虫（鞘翅目）群落的短期影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2005.03.029
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
H. Lappalainen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Hyvärinen;J. Kouki;P. Martikainen;H. Lappalainen
木材采伐，特别是皆伐后松土，在重要方面改变了北方森林生态系统。例如，北方森林许多地方腐烂木材的消失减少了saccharylic物种的生境。不过，最近采用了几种方法来减少林业对自然生物区系的负面影响。在森林恢复和管理中使用有控制的燃烧和保留绿树的做法正在迅速增加，特别是在芬诺斯堪的纳维亚，但这些措施对森林生物群的影响仍然是假设性的。我们进行了一个大规模的现场实验，研究燃烧和绿树保留对甲虫的影响，在苏格兰松为主的芬兰东部的森林。析因研究设计共包括24个站点（每个站点3- 5公顷），有三个树木保留水平（0，10和50立方米/公顷）和未砍伐对照。24个地点中有12个被烧毁。每个处理组合重复三次。在2000年和2001年的处理前和处理后，甲虫取样与窗口陷阱，研究短期的影响处理对甲虫聚集。数据包括34，175只甲虫个体，代表740个物种。组合的影响很大的治疗，特别是在燃烧的网站，而在未燃烧的网站较高的树木保留水平保持组合更接近预处理结构。一般来说，物种数量随着采伐和焚烧而增加。燃烧有显着的影响，红榜物种的数量，而收获强度影响saxylylic，非saxylylic和红榜物种。红名单上的物种和珍稀物种的个人数量增加更多的燃烧比未燃烧的网站。结果表明，许多下降的森林物种，特别是腐木，生活条件可以提高在商业林的保留树木的数量和控制燃烧。至少在靠近来源地的地方，不仅严格的喜火物种，而且许多其他稀有和受威胁的物种似乎都能相当有效地找到新的资源。
Timber harvesting, and especially clear-cutting followed by soil scarification, has altered boreal forest ecosystems in important ways. For example, loss of decaying wood in many parts of boreal forests has reduced habitats for saproxylic species. Several methods have recently been introduced, however, to reduce the negative impacts of forestry on the natural biota. Use of controlled burning and green-tree retention in restoration and management of forests is growing rapidly, especially in Fennoscandia, but the effects of these measures on forest biota remain hypothetical. We performed a large-scale field experiment to study impacts of burning and green-tree retention on beetles in the Scots pine dominated forests of Eastern Finland. The factorial study design included a total of 24 sites (3–5ha each), with three tree retention levels (0, 10 and 50m3/ha) and uncut controls. Twelve of the 24 sites were burned. Each treatment combination was replicated three times. Beetles were sampled with window traps before and after the treatments in 2000 and 2001 to study short-term impacts of treatments on beetle assemblages. The data consisted of 34,175 beetle individuals, representing 740 species. The assemblages were greatly affected by the treatments, especially on the burned sites, while on the unburned sites higher tree retention level maintained assemblages closer to the pre-treatment structure. In general, the number of species increased with harvesting and burning. Burning had a significant effect on number of red-listed species, whereas harvesting intensity affected saproxylic, non-saproxylic and red-listed species. The numbers of individuals of red-listed and rare saproxylic species increased more on the burned than on the unburned sites. The results show that living conditions of many declined forest species, in particular saproxylics, can be enhanced in commercial forests by increasing the number of retained trees and by controlled burning. At least close to source areas not only strictly pyrophilous species but also many other rare and threatened species seem to be able to locate new resources quite effectively.