Biotechnological Applications of an Insect-Specific Alphavirus
Biotechnological Applications of an Insect-Specific Alphavirus
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DOI：
10.1089/dna.2017.4019
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发表时间：
2017-11-21
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Weaver, Scott C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erasmus, Jesse H.;Weaver, Scott C.
病毒和节肢动物宿主多样性的耦合，以及不断发展的病毒发现方法，已经导致越来越多的新型昆虫特异性病毒（isv）的鉴定和分类，这些病毒似乎与许多人类病原体在进化上相关，但要么已经丧失，要么尚未获得在脊椎动物中复制的能力。isv的发现对许多人类致病病毒的起源和进化提出了许多问题，并指出节肢动物在这一进化过程中可能发挥的作用。此外，已经提出并通过实验证明了利用isv来控制节肢动物传播的病毒的传播。以前，我们的实验室报告了埃拉特病毒（EILV）的发现和特征，这是一种昆虫特异性甲病毒，在系统发育上属于蚊子传播的医学相关甲病毒分支，包括东部马脑炎病毒（EEEV）和委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒（VEEV），以及基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）。尽管它与这些人类病原体有进化关系，但由于附着/进入和RNA复制受阻，EILV无法在脊椎动物细胞中复制。我们最近证明，使用嵌合病毒方法，EILV可以用作疫苗和诊断开发的平台，作为其他isv的概念验证。由于独立病毒的大量存在，在开发针对各种人类病原体的疫苗和诊断方法方面存在未开发的资源，有必要在这一领域开展进一步的工作。
The coupling of viral and arthropod host diversity, with evolving methods of virus discovery, has resulted in the identification and classification of a growing number of novel insect-specific viruses (ISVs) that appear to be evolutionarily related to many human pathogens but have either lost or have yet to gain the ability to replicate in vertebrates. The discovery of ISVs has raised many questions as to the origin and evolution of many human pathogenic viruses and points to the role that arthropods may play in this evolutionary process. Furthermore, the use of ISVs to control the transmission of arthropod-borne viruses has been proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Previously, our laboratory reported on the discovery and characterization of Eilat virus (EILV), an insect-specific alphavirus that phylogenetically groups within the mosquito-borne clade of medically relevant alphaviruses, including eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), as well as chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Despite its evolutionary relationship to these human pathogens, EILV is unable to replicate in vertebrate cells due to blocks at attachment/entry and RNA replication. We recently demonstrated that, using a chimeric virus approach, EILV could be utilized as a platform for vaccine and diagnostic development, serving as a proof-of-concept for other ISVs. Due to the vast abundance of ISVs, there is an untapped resource for the development of vaccines and diagnostics for a variety of human pathogens and further work in this area is warranted.