NESTING-BEHAVIOR AND THE EVOLUTION OF WORKER TEMPO IN 4 HONEY-BEE SPECIES
NESTING-BEHAVIOR AND THE EVOLUTION OF WORKER TEMPO IN 4 HONEY-BEE SPECIES
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DOI：
10.2307/1938911
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发表时间：
1991-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
SEELEY, TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DYER, FC;SEELEY, TD
在泰国研究了三种亚洲蜜蜂（Apis florea， A. cerana和A. dorsata），并与欧洲蜜蜂A. mellifera进行了比较，探讨工蜂体型和筑巢行为的种间差异对能量的影响。从之前对这四个物种的研究中，我们知道觅食者的一些与能量相关的表现（体温、飞行速度、翅膀负荷和质量特定代谢率）偏离了预测的大小依赖模式。相反，相对于体型最大的蜜蜂（A. dorsata）和体型最小的蜜蜂（A. florrea）来说，体型中等的蜜蜂（A. cerana）和蜜蜂（A. mellifera）的工蜂似乎更有力量。在亚洲物种中，蜜蜂的种群也显示出不成比例的高质量代谢率，它们的觅食者每天在同一栖息地的旅行次数比其他物种的觅食者要多。这些不同的特征似乎在功能上是相关的，并代表了不同物种在工蚁“节奏”上的进化差异，即在群体任务的执行速度上的差异。与工蚁节奏的二分法相关的是巢结构和种群内人口统计的二分法。慢节奏的种类（Apis florea和a . dorsata）在露天筑巢，用一层厚厚的年轻工蜂幕保护蜂巢和里面的内容物。快节奏的物种在封闭的洞穴中筑巢，这使得工蜂能够保护并提供一个相对较大的蜂巢区域。开放式筑巢的工蚁寿命更长；这使得蜂群能够维持巢帘所需的劳动力，尽管由于可用的育雏细胞数量相对较少，工人的生产率（人均）低于洞巢。假设在节奏、觅食表现和死亡率之间存在着物种间的基本关系，我们提出，相对较高的腔巢工蚁节奏受到青睐有两个原因。首先，由于它们的巢有更大的育雏能力，因此可以更好地实现更高的速度（提高提供育雏能力）的好处。其次，更高的速度（更短的寿命，导致更少的工蚁可用于保护巢穴）的成本对洞巢来说不太重要，因为洞壁减少了工蚁保护的需要。
Three Asian honey bee species (Apis florea, A. cerana, and A. dorsata) were studied in Thailand, and compared with the European honey bee A. mellifera, to explore the energy implications of interspecific differences in worker body size and nesting behavior. From previous work on these four species, we know that several measures of the energy-related performance of foragers (body temperature, flight speed, wing loading, and mass-specific metabolic rate) deviate from predicted size-dependent patterns. Instead, workers in the two species intermediate in body size, A. cerana and A. mellifera, appear to be high-powered relative to those of the largest species (A. dorsata) and the smallest species (A. florea). Among the Asian species, A. cerana's colonies also show a disproportionately high mass-specific metabolic rate, and their foragers make many more trips per day in the same habitat than do foragers of the other species. These various traits seem to be functionally related, and to represent evolved differences among species in worker "tempo," i.e., in the rate of performance of colony tasks.Correlated with the dichotomy in worker tempo is a dichotomy in nest architecture and intracolony demography. The low-tempo species (Apis florea and A. dorsata) nest in the open, protecting the comb and its contents with a thick curtain of young worker bees. The high-tempo species build their nests in enclosed cavities, which allows the workers to protect and provision a relatively larger area of comb. Worker life-span is longer in the open-nesting species; this allows colonies to maintain the work force needed for the curtain, even though the rate of worker production (per capita) is lower than that of cavity nesters because of the relatively small number of brood cells available. With the assumption that there is a fundamental relationship across species among tempo, foraging performance, and the rate of mortality, we propose that the relatively high tempo of cavity-nesting workers has been favored for two reasons. First, a benefit of higher tempo (enhanced ability to provision brood) is better realized owing to the greater brood-rearing capacity of their nests. Second, a cost of higher tempo (shorter life-span, resulting in fewer workers available for nest protection) is less important for the cavity nesters because the cavity walls reduce the need for protection by workers.