Modelling epilithic biofilms combining hydrodynamics, invertebrate grazing and algal traits
Modelling epilithic biofilms combining hydrodynamics, invertebrate grazing and algal traits
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DOI：
10.1111/fwb.12341
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
M. Graba;S. Sauvage;N. Majdi;Benoît Mialet;F. Moulin;G. Urrea;E. Buffan‐Dubau;M. Tackx;S. Sabater;J. Sánchez-Pérez
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作者：
M. Graba;S. Sauvage;N. Majdi;Benoît Mialet;F. Moulin;G. Urrea;E. Buffan‐Dubau;M. Tackx;S. Sabater;J. Sánchez-Pérez
1.该溪流石生生物膜生物量动力学模型基于Uehlinger等人（1996年）的方程组和Bouletreau等人（2006年）的生物膜自生分离术语。它的新功能是（i）一个数学术语的基础上估计的摄食活动的生物膜居住的无脊椎动物，（ii）当地的水动力学被认为是主要因素，藻类性状和生物膜结构和（iii）一个可变程度的参数化，调整到生物膜生物量的条件。2.在法国的加龙河（2008年9月至2009年）的生物膜生物量进行了为期一年的监测。异速生长的方法被用来估计的摄食活动的生物膜居住的无脊椎动物的能量需求的基础上。还监测了硅藻功能多样性，以了解其如何随整体生物膜生长模式而变化。将一年的监测期分为6个生物膜生物量周期，每个周期由生物膜生长为主要过程的阶段组成，然后是剥离。3.该模型使用不同的经验参数集将观察到的数据再现为生物膜生长/脱离循环的复合体，其允许（i）评估每个生物膜循环中涉及的主导过程和（ii）再现生物膜生长/脱离的六个循环。这比使用单组经验参数的参数化更有效地解释了观察到的模式。4.高流量通过慢性和灾难性的脱离对生物膜动力学产生严重影响。据推测，其结果是，组合的硅藻转向物种，牢固地附着和保护粘液。5.在低流量（当温度高），生物膜动力学主要受自生剥离和放牧活动。占主导地位的生物膜居住的无脊椎动物（线虫和幼虫的摇蚊科和毛翅目）的放牧压力是相当低的（最大的6%的生物膜生物量每天摄入），然而，他们的存在下，在生物膜似乎有利于生物膜自生脱离。
1. This model of stream epilithic biofilm biomass dynamics is based on the system of equations from Uehlinger et al. (1996) and the term for autogenic detachment of biofilm from Boul^etreau et al. (2006). Its new features are (i) a mathematical term based on estimated feeding activity of biofilm-dwelling invertebrates, (ii) local hydrodynamics considered as the principal factor governing algal traits and biofilm structure and (iii) a variable degree of parameterisation that was adjusted to biofilm biomass conditions. 2. Biofilm biomass was monitored over a one-year period in the Garonne river in France (September 2008–2009). An allometric approach was used to estimate the feeding activity of biofilm-dwelling invertebrates based on their energetic requirements. Diatom functional diversity was also monitored to find how it varied with overall biofilm growth patterns. The one-year monitoring period was divided into six biofilm biomass cycles, with each cycle consisting of a phase of biofilm growth as the main process, followed by detachment. 3. This model reproduced the observed data as a complex of biofilm growth/detachment cycles using different sets of empirical parameters which allowed (i) the dominant processes involved in each biofilm cycle to be evaluated and (ii) the six cycles of biofilm growth/detachment to be reproduced. This accounted for the observed patterns more effectively than a parameterisation using a single set of empirical parameters. 4. High flow had a severe effect on biofilm dynamics through chronic and catastrophic detachment. Presumably as a result, assemblages of diatoms shifted towards species that were firmly attached and protected by mucilage. 5. During low flow (and when temperature was high), biofilm dynamics was mainly affected by autogenic detachment and grazer activity. The grazing pressure of the dominant biofilm-dwelling invertebrates (Nematoda and larvae of Chironomidae and Trichoptera) was fairly low (a maximum of 6% of biofilm biomass ingested daily); nevertheless, their presence in the biofilm seemed to favour biofilm autogenic detachment.