Links between host genetics, metabolism, gut microbiome and amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon.
Links between host genetics, metabolism, gut microbiome and amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon.
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DOI：
10.1186/s42523-022-00203-x
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发表时间：
2022-09-15
影响因子：
4.7
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中科院分区：
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快速传播的寄生虫感染，如阿米巴鳃病（AGD），对在水产养殖设施中饲养的大西洋鲑鱼来说越来越成问题，并可能对周围沃茨的野生鱼类构成风险。目前，尚不清楚野生鲑鱼和养殖鲑鱼对AGD的易感性是否不同。野生大西洋鲑鱼的数量正在下降，这种新出现的疾病可能对它们的长期生存能力构成额外的威胁。因此，更好地了解AGD如何影响鱼类健康，对于准确评估相关风险，无论是对养殖还是对野生种群的福祉，都是相关的。在这项研究中，我们评估了自然暴露于AGD对野生，杂交和养殖后二龄鲑大西洋鲑鱼饲养在一个海洋农场共同花园条件下的影响。野生鱼的死亡率（64%）比养殖鱼（25%）高得多，杂交鱼的死亡率（39%）居中，这表明AGD的易感性具有遗传基础。代谢率的措施，代表生理性能的遗传群体之间是相似的，但显着低于AGD症状的鱼比健康的鱼。肠道微生物多样性显着降低感染的鱼。我们观察到肠道微生物群落组成在AGD感染后发生了重大变化。在有症状的鱼的相对丰度的关键类群Aliivibrio，海单胞菌属和假交替单胞菌下降，而丰富的Polaribacter和弧菌相比，健康的鱼。我们的研究结果突出强调AGD对鱼类生理学的影响，并表明低代谢率的鱼类表型可能与更好的感染结果有关。我们认为AGD爆发事件增加和未来变暖可能会导致继发性细菌感染，并降低养殖和野生鱼类的性能。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s42523-022-00203-x获得。
Rapidly spreading parasitic infections like amoebic gill disease (AGD) are increasingly problematic for Atlantic salmon reared in aquaculture facilities and potentially pose a risk to wild fish species in surrounding waters. Currently, it is not known whether susceptibility to AGD differs between wild and farmed salmon. Wild Atlantic salmon populations are declining and this emerging disease could represent an additional threat to their long-term viability. A better understanding of how AGD affects fish health is therefore relevant for the accurate assessment of the associated risk, both to farming and to the well-being of wild populations. In this study, we assessed the impact of natural exposure to AGD on wild, hybrid and farmed post-smolt Atlantic salmon reared in a sea farm together under common garden conditions. Wild fish showed substantially higher mortality levels (64%) than farmed fish (25%), with intermediate levels for hybrid fish (39%) suggesting that AGD susceptibility has an additive genetic basis. Metabolic rate measures representing physiological performance were similar among the genetic groups but were significantly lower in AGD-symptomatic fish than healthy fish. Gut microbial diversity was significantly lower in infected fish. We observed major shifts in gut microbial community composition in response to AGD infections. In symptomatic fish the relative abundance of key taxa Aliivibrio, Marinomonas and Pseudoalteromonas declined, whereas the abundance of Polaribacter and Vibrio increased compared to healthy fish. Our results highlight the stress AGD imposes on fish physiology and suggest that low metabolic-rate fish phenotypes may be associated with better infection outcomes. We consider the role increased AGD outbreak events and a warmer future may have in driving secondary bacterial infections and in reducing performance in farmed and wild fish. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00203-x.