A New Key Neurohormone Controlling Reproduction, Gonadotrophin‐Inhibitory Hormone in Birds: Discovery, Progress and Prospects
A New Key Neurohormone Controlling Reproduction, Gonadotrophin‐Inhibitory Hormone in Birds: Discovery, Progress and Prospects
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01829.x
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发表时间：
2009-04
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
K. Tsutsui;E. Saigoh;H. Yin;T. Ubuka;V. S. Chowdhury;T. Osugi;K. Ukena;P. Sharp;J. Wingfield;G. Bentley
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文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Tsutsui;E. Saigoh;H. Yin;T. Ubuka;V. S. Chowdhury;T. Osugi;K. Ukena;P. Sharp;J. Wingfield;G. Bentley
在脊椎动物中，神经肽对促性腺激素分泌的控制主要是通过下丘脑十肽促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的刺激作用来实现的。性腺类固醇和抑制素通过性腺反馈抑制促性腺激素的分泌，但直到最近，在脊椎动物中还不知道下丘脑神经肽抑制促性腺激素的分泌。2000年，我们发现了一种新的下丘脑十二肽类化合物，命名为促性腺激素抑制激素(GnIH)。GnIH通过一种新型的G蛋白偶联受体作用于垂体和下丘脑的GnRH神经元，通过减少促性腺激素的释放和合成来抑制性腺的发育和维持。松果体激素褪黑激素是控制GnIH神经功能的关键因素。GnIH存在于多种鸟类的下丘脑中，被认为是一种新的抑制鸟类繁殖的关键神经激素。因此，GnIH的发现为研究神经肽对生殖的调控提供了新的方向。本文就控制生殖的一种新的神经激素--促性腺激素促性腺激素的发现、进展及前景作一综述。
In vertebrates, the neuropeptide control of gonadotrophin secretion is primarily through the stimulatory action of the hypothalamic decapeptide, gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH). Gonadal sex steroids and inhibin inhibit gonadotrophin secretion via feedback from the gonads, but a hypothalamic neuropeptide inhibiting gonadotrophin secretion was, until recently, unknown in vertebrates. In 2000, we discovered a novel hypothalamic dodecapeptide that directly inhibits gonadotrophin release in quail and termed it gonadotrophin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH). GnIH acts on the pituitary and GnRH neurones in the hypothalamus via a novel G‐protein‐coupled receptor for GnIH to inhibit gonadal development and maintenance by decreasing gonadotrophin release and synthesis. The pineal hormone melatonin is a key factor controlling GnIH neural function. GnIH occurs in the hypothalamus of several avian species and is considered to be a new key neurohormone inhibiting avian reproduction. Thus, the discovery of GnIH provides novel directions to investigate neuropeptide regulation of reproduction. This review summarises the discovery, progress and prospects of GnIH, a new key neurohormone controlling reproduction.