Hepatitis A: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries
Hepatitis A: Epidemiology and prevention in developing countries
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DOI：
10.4254/wjh.v4.i3.68
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发表时间：
2012-03-27
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Zaratti, Laura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Franco, Elisabetta;Meleleo, Cristina;Zaratti, Laura
甲型肝炎是世界上最常见的急性病毒性肝炎。甲型肝炎流行的主要地理差异与卫生和卫生条件以及社会经济发展水平的其他指标密切相关。抗甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）的血清阳性率目前在世界许多地区正在下降，但在欠发达地区和几个发展中国家，HAV感染在生命的最初几年仍然非常常见，血清阳性率接近100%。在中度流行地区，延迟接触病毒造成大量易受感染的青少年和成年人，并大大增加了感染的平均年龄。随着疾病的严重程度随着年龄的增长而增加，这导致了甲型肝炎的爆发。有几个因素有助于感染率的下降，包括社会经济水平的提高，清洁水的供应增加以及1990年代开发的甲型肝炎疫苗的供应。对于易感成年人比例较高的人群，可考虑实施疫苗接种计划。在本报告中，我们回顾了现有的流行病学数据和疫苗接种战略的实施情况，特别是重点关注发展中国家。(C)2012年百世登。All rights reserved.
Hepatitis A is the most common form of acute viral hepatitis in the world. Major geographical differences in endemicity of hepatitis A are closely related to hygienic and sanitary conditions and other indicators of the level of socioeconomic development. The anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence rate is presently decreasing in many parts of the world, but in less developed regions and in several developing countries, HAV infection is still very common in the first years of life and seroprevalence rates approach 100%. In areas of intermediate endemicity, the delay in the exposure to the virus has generated a huge number of susceptible adolescents and adults and significantly increased the average age at infection. As the severity of disease increases with age, this has led to outbreaks of hepatitis A. Several factors contribute to the decline of the infection rate, including rising socioeconomic levels, increased access to clean water and the availability of a hepatitis A vaccine that was developed in the 1990s. For populations with a high proportion of susceptible adults, implementing vaccination programs may be considered. In this report, we review available epidemiological data and implementation of vaccination strategies, particularly focusing on developing countries. (C) 2012 Baishideng. All rights reserved.