Taking aim at the perceptual side of motor learning: exploring how explicit and implicit learning encode perceptual error information through depth vision
Taking aim at the perceptual side of motor learning: exploring how explicit and implicit learning encode perceptual error information through depth vision
复制标题
DOI：
10.1152/jn.00153.2021
复制
发表时间：
2021-08-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Taylor, Jordan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campagnoli, Carlo;Domini, Fulvio;Taylor, Jordan A.
视觉适应任务中的运动学习是由外显和内隐两种过程共同作用的结果，每种过程对错误信号的反应都不同。虽然这些过程的运动输出侧已经被广泛研究，但视觉输入侧相对未知。我们通过外显和内隐运动学习研究了深度知觉是否以及如何影响错误信息的计算。两组受试者做伸手的动作，将虚拟光标带到前平行平面的目标上。延迟组被允许reaim和他们的反馈被延迟，以强调外显学习，而露营组收到任务无关的钳形光标反馈，并继续瞄准目标，以强调内隐适应。两组人都在一个高度详细的虚拟环境（深度条件）中玩这个游戏，利用在虚拟酒馆中玩飞镖的掩护任务，以及在一个空的环境（无深度条件）中玩这个游戏。延迟组显示出增加的错误敏感性下的深度相对于无深度。相比之下，夹紧组在两种条件下的适应程度相同。延迟参与者的运动学在深度条件下也发生了变化，与目标看起来更远一致，不像夹紧组。延迟的行为数据与来自相同个体的感知任务的比较表明，在深度条件下的更大的reaiming与错误距离和大小的缩放的增加是一致的。这些研究结果表明，外显和内隐学习过程可能依赖于不同来源的知觉informations.NEW &值得注意的是，我们利用了一个经典的感觉运动适应任务进行第一次系统的评估的作用，知觉线索的错误信号的估计在3-D空间在运动学习。我们跨越了两个条件，呈现不同的深度信息，两个操作强调外显和内隐学习过程。外显学习的视觉条件下，与感知报告一致，而内隐学习似乎是独立的。
Motor learning in visuomotor adaptation tasks results from both explicit and implicit processes, each responding differently to an error signal. Although the motor output side of these processes has been extensively studied, the visual input side is relatively unknown. We investigated if and how depth perception affects the computation of error information by explicit and implicit motor learning. Two groups of participants made reaching movements to bring a virtual cursor to a target in the frontoparallel plane. The Delayed group was allowed to reaim and their feedback was delayed to emphasize explicit learning, whereas the camped group received task-irrelevant clamped cursor feedback and continued to aim straight at the target to emphasize implicit adaptation. Both groups played this game in a highly detailed virtual environment (depth condition), leveraging a cover task of playing darts in a virtual tavern, and in an empty environment (no-depth condition). The delayed group showed an increase in error sensitivity under depth relative to no-depth. In contrast, the clamped group adapted to the same degree under both conditions. The movement kinematics of the delayed participants also changed under the depth condition, consistent with the target appearing more distant, unlike the Clamped group. A comparison of the delayed behavioral data with a perceptual task from the same individuals showed that the greater reaiming in the depth condition was consistent with an increase in the scaling of the error distance and size. These findings suggest that explicit and implicit learning processes may rely on different sources of perceptual information.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We leveraged a classic sensorimotor adaptation task to perform a first systematic assessment of the role of perceptual cues in the estimation of an error signal in the 3-D space during motor learning. We crossed two conditions presenting different amounts of depth information, with two manipulations emphasizing explicit and implicit learning processes. Explicit learning responded to the visual conditions, consistent with perceptual reports, whereas implicit learning appeared to be independent of them.