Neurobiology of cocaine abuse.
Neurobiology of cocaine abuse.
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可卡因滥用的神经生物学。
DOI：
10.1016/0165-6147(92)90063-c
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Johnson,KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Woolverton,WL;Johnson,KM
最近可卡因滥用的升级使人们更加认识到需要了解可卡因的行为影响以及这些影响的决定因素。可卡因改变条件性和非条件性行为，并具有显著的强化和主观影响，尤其与滥用可卡因有关。中枢多巴胺神经传递的增加是可卡因行为效应的主要决定因素，这种增加是通过竞争性阻断DI和D2多巴胺受体介导的高亲和力多巴胺摄取而引起的。反复使用可卡因可能会产生耐受性或致敏性。依赖也会产生，尽管与可卡因戒断相关的行为变化是微妙的。尽管多次服用可卡因会引起中枢神经系统的改变，但反复服用可卡因引起的行为改变的神经药理学机制仍未完全确立。比尔·伍尔弗顿和肯·约翰逊强调，行为药理学家和神经学家之间的持续合作对于全面了解可卡因的影响至关重要。人类消费可卡因的历史由来已久。古柯植物的叶子至少被南美印第安人咀嚼了1500年。自从1855年尼曼从古柯植物中分离出可卡因后，其强大的中枢神经系统刺激物和局部麻醉作用得到了广泛的认可。可卡因和新发明的皮下注射器在商业上随之而来，紧随其后的是19世纪末和20世纪初的可卡因滥用问题。在美国对可卡因实施法律限制之后(哈里森
The recent escalation of cocaine abuse has increased awareness of the need to understand the behavioral effects of cocaine and the determinants of those effects. Cocaine alters both conditioned and unconditioned behavior, and has prominent reinforcing and subjective effects that are particularly relevant to its abuse. An increase in CNS dopamine neurotransmission, resulting from a competitive blockade of high-affinity dopamine uptake mediated by both DI and D2 dopamine receptors, is a prima y determinant of the behavioral effects of cocaine. Either tolerance or sensitization may develop with repeated administration of cocaine. Dependence also develops, although the behavioral changes associated with cocaine withdrawal are subtle. Although numerous CNS changes have been associated with repeated administration of cocaine, the neuropharmacological mechanisms that underlie the behavioral changes that occur with repeated administration remain to be firmly established. Bill Woolverton and Ken Johnson stress that continued collaboration between behavioral pharmacologists and neuroscientists is critical for a complete understanding of the effects of cocaine.Cocaine consumption by humans has a long history. The leaves of the coca plant have been chewed by South American Indians for at least 1500 years. After the isolation of cocaine from the coca plant by Niemann in 1855, its powerful CNS stimulant and local anesthetic effects became widely appreciated. The ready commercial availability of cocaine and the newly invented hypodermic syringe was soon followed by problems of cocaine abuse in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After legal restrictions were put on cocaine in the USA (Harrison