Perceptual Narrowing of Linguistic Sign Occurs in the 1st Year of Life
Perceptual Narrowing of Linguistic Sign Occurs in the 1st Year of Life
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01715.x
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Werker, Janet F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palmer, Stephanie Baker;Fais, Laurel;Werker, Janet F.
在他们一岁的时候，婴儿对语言声音的普遍感知会缩小，只包括那些与母语形成对比的声音（J. F. Werker & R. C. Tees, 1984）。这项研究测试了40名婴儿的眼球追踪模式，并表明这种模式也适用于接触过美国手语（ASL）的婴儿。4个月大的纯英语听力婴儿区分了美国手语的手型区别，而14个月大的听力婴儿则没有。然而，14个月大的学习美国手语的婴儿确实区分出了手型的区别，这表明，就像听到的语言一样，接触视觉语言是维持视觉语言辨别能力所必需的。感知变窄似乎是一种普遍存在的学习机制，有助于语言习得。
Over their 1st year of life, infantsuniversal perception of the sounds of language narrows to encompass only those contrasts made in their native language (J. F. Werker & R. C. Tees, 1984). This research tested 40 infants in an eyetracking paradigm and showed that this pattern also holds for infants exposed to seen languageAmerican Sign Language (ASL). Four-month-old, English-only, hearing infants discriminated an ASL handshape distinction, while 14-month-old hearing infants did not. Fourteen-month-old ASL-learning infants, however, did discriminate the handshape distinction, suggesting that, as in heard language, exposure to seen language is required for maintenance of visual language discrimination. Perceptual narrowing appears to be a ubiquitous learning mechanism that contributes to language acquisition.