Quantifying antisite defect concentrations in yttrium aluminum garnet by high-precision density analysis
Quantifying antisite defect concentrations in yttrium aluminum garnet by high-precision density analysis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jlumin.2022.119408
复制
发表时间：
2022-10-28
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Thiel，C. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kwapisz，R.;Cone，R. L.;Thiel，C. W.
用常用的材料表征技术来量化高质量晶体中晶格缺陷的性质和密度通常是困难的或不可能的。在许多情况下，甚至生长的晶体中存在的有意掺杂的杂质的密度也必须使用诸如映射晶体性质的空间变化的方法间接推断，或者当缺陷是光学活性的时，用不精确的已知振荡器强度解释光学吸收。在这项工作中，我们探索重力技术，以获得晶体中的绝对缺陷密度，一个强大的方法往往被忽视的现代材料科学。一个基于阿基米德原理的流体静力称重装置被建造、测试和改进，以实现小晶体样品的高精度密度测量。该系统的应用说明通过确定钇铝石榴石（YAG）相对于高纯度硅晶体密度参考的密度，最大限度地减少传统的困难，在校正表面张力和水和空气密度的变化，由于环境温度，压力和溶液组成的微小变化。这种方法，使用一个相对简单的设备和小样品，是有效的测量本征浓度的钇铝反位晶格缺陷的YAG，同意从更复杂的高分辨率光学激光光谱在低温下的结果。此外，我们定量分析了几个潜在的误差源的影响，包括同位素分布的自然变化，残留的表面污染，以及环境温度或压力的变化。随后，我们发现，密度分析方法是一种很有前途的技术，用于表征新的和改性的材料正在开发的应用范围从固态激光器和闪烁器的量子信息。
Quantifying the nature and density of lattice defects in high-quality crystals is often difficult or impossible with commonly employed material characterization techniques. In many cases, even the density of intentionally doped impurities present in a grown crystal must be inferred indirectly using methods such as mapping spatial variations in crystal properties or, when the defects are optically active, interpreting optical absorption with imprecisely known oscillator strengths. In this work we explore gravimetric techniques to obtain absolute defect densities in crystals, a powerful approach often overlooked in modern materials science. A hydrostatic weighing apparatus based on Archimedes’ principle was constructed, tested, and refined to enable high-precision density measurements of small crystal samples. Application of this system is illustrated by determining the density of Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) relative to a high-purity silicon crystal density reference, minimizing traditional difficulties in correcting for the variations in surface tension and the water and air density due to small changes in ambient temperature, pressure, and solution composition. This method, using a relatively simple apparatus and small samples, is effective in measuring the intrinsic concentration of Y–Al antisite lattice defects in YAG, agreeing with results from far more elaborate high-resolution optical laser spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. Furthermore, we quantitatively analyze the effects of several potential sources for error, including natural variations in isotope distributions, residual surface contamination, and ambient temperature or pressure variations. Subsequently, we find that the density analysis method is a promising technique for characterizing new and modified materials being developed for applications ranging from solid-state lasers and scintillators to quantum information.