Ecocultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders
Ecocultural basis of cognition: Farmers and fishermen are more holistic than herders
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0803874105
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发表时间：
2008-06-24
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Nisbett, Richard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uskul, Ayse K.;Kitayama, Shinobu;Nisbett, Richard E.
有人提出，社会相互依存促进整体认知，即倾向于关注广泛的感知和认知领域，而不是关注焦点对象及其属性，倾向于根据关系和相似性而不是规则和类别进行推理。这一假说得到了大多数证据的支持，这些证据表明，相对相互依赖的东亚人比西方人更全面地进行推理和感知。我们研究了整体认知倾向的注意力，分类，推理在三种类型的社区，属于同一个国家，地理，种族和语言区域，但不同程度的社会相互依存：农业，渔业和放牧社区在土耳其的黑海东部地区。正如所预测的那样，强调和谐社会相互依存的农业和渔业社区的成员比强调个人决策和促进社会独立的放牧社区的成员表现出更大的整体倾向。我们的研究结果对生态文化因素如何对认知的重要方面产生持久的影响具有影响。
It has been proposed that social interdependence fosters holistic cognition, that is, a tendency to attend to the broad perceptual and cognitive field, rather than to a focal object and its properties, and a tendency to reason in terms of relationships and similarities, rather than rules and categories. This hypothesis has been supported mostly by demonstrations showing that East Asians, who are relatively interdependent, reason and perceive in a more holistic fashion than do Westerners. We examined holistic cognitive tendencies in attention, categorization, and reasoning in three types of communities that belong to the same national, geographic, ethnic, and linguistic regions and yet vary in their degree of social interdependence: farming, fishing, and herding communities in Turkey's eastern Black Sea region. As predicted, members of farming and fishing communities, which emphasize harmonious social interdependence, exhibited greater holistic tendencies than members of herding communities, which emphasize individual decision making and foster social independence. Our findings have implications for how ecocultural factors may have lasting consequences on important aspects of cognition.