Emperor penguins and climate change
Emperor penguins and climate change
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DOI：
10.1038/35075554
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发表时间：
2001-05-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Weimerskirch, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barbraud, C;Weimerskirch, H
南大洋海洋-大气耦合随时间的变化（1-3）对海冰范围和生态系统结构具有主要影响（4-6），但由于缺乏关键人口参数的长期数据系列，无法准确预测这种环境变化对大型海洋捕食者的最终后果（7、8）。在这里，我们使用最长的时间序列，对南极大型捕食者的人口统计参数繁殖在坚冰（9，10），并依赖于食物资源从南大洋（11）。我们发现，在过去的50年中，帝企鹅（Aptenodytes forsteri）在地球阿德利的人口已经下降了50%，因为在20世纪70年代末的成年存活率下降。在这个时候，有一个长期的异常温暖的时期，减少海冰的范围。死亡率增加时，温暖的海面温度发生在觅食区，当每年的海冰范围减少，男性高于女性。与存活率相比，当冬季海冰扩展时，帝企鹅孵化的蛋更少。这些结果表明，大规模的海洋过程和海冰范围对帝企鹅的人口统计的强烈和对比的影响，以及它们对气候变化的潜在的高敏感性。
Variations in ocean-atmosphere coupling over time in the Southern Ocean(1-3) have dominant effects on sea-ice extent and ecosystem structure(4-6), but the ultimate consequences of such environmental changes for large marine predators cannot be accurately predicted because of the absence of long-term data series on key demographic parameters(7,8). Here, we use the longest time series available on demographic parameters of an Antarctic large predator breeding on fast ice(9,10) and relying on food resources from the Southern Ocean(11). We show that over the past 50 years, the population of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) in Terre Adelie has declined by 50% because of a decrease in adult survival during the late 1970s. At this time there was a prolonged abnormally warm period with reduced sea-ice extent. Mortality rates increased when warm sea-surface temperatures occurred in the foraging area and when annual sea-ice extent was reduced, and were higher for males than for females. In contrast with survival, emperor penguins hatched fewer eggs when winter sea-ice was extended. These results indicate strong and contrasting effects of large-scale oceanographic processes and sea-ice extent on the demography of emperor penguins, and their potential high susceptibility to climate change.