The evolutionary and phylogeographic history of woolly mammoths: a comprehensive mitogenomic analysis.
The evolutionary and phylogeographic history of woolly mammoths: a comprehensive mitogenomic analysis.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep44585
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发表时间：
2017-03-22
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Shapiro B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chang D;Knapp M;Enk J;Lippold S;Kircher M;Lister A;MacPhee RD;Widga C;Czechowski P;Sommer R;Hodges E;Stümpel N;Barnes I;Dalén L;Derevianko A;Germonpré M;Hillebrand-Voiculescu A;Constantin S;Kuznetsova T;Mol D;Rathgeber T;Rosendahl W;Tikhonov AN;Willerslev E;Hannon G;Lalueza-Fox C;Joger U;Poinar H;Hofreiter M;Shapiro B
在更新世末期，猛犸象的种群分布在三大洲的部分地区，从西欧和北亚，经过贝林贾，一直到北美的大西洋海岸。尽管如此，关于猛犸象种群和物种的连通性和时间连续性的问题仍然没有得到回答。我们使用定向浓缩和高通量测序相结合的方法来组装和解释143个猛犸象线粒体基因组的数据集，这些基因组是从从全北极范围内发现的化石中采集的。我们的数据集包括54个以前未发表的线粒体基因组，大大增加了该物种欧亚范围的覆盖面。由此产生的全球系统发育证实，晚更新世猛犸象种群由三个不同的线粒体谱系组成，它们在大约1.0-200万年前(Ma)开始分化。我们还发现，猛犸象线粒体谱系在整个更新世都有很强的地理分割。综上所述，我们的遗传结果和形态在时间和空间上的变化模式表明，雄性介导的基因流动，而不是大规模的扩散，在猛犸象更新世的进化史上是重要的。
Near the end of the Pleistocene epoch, populations of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) were distributed across parts of three continents, from western Europe and northern Asia through Beringia to the Atlantic seaboard of North America. Nonetheless, questions about the connectivity and temporal continuity of mammoth populations and species remain unanswered. We use a combination of targeted enrichment and high-throughput sequencing to assemble and interpret a data set of 143 mammoth mitochondrial genomes, sampled from fossils recovered from across their Holarctic range. Our dataset includes 54 previously unpublished mitochondrial genomes and significantly increases the coverage of the Eurasian range of the species. The resulting global phylogeny confirms that the Late Pleistocene mammoth population comprised three distinct mitochondrial lineages that began to diverge ~1.0–2.0 million years ago (Ma). We also find that mammoth mitochondrial lineages were strongly geographically partitioned throughout the Pleistocene. In combination, our genetic results and the pattern of morphological variation in time and space suggest that male-mediated gene flow, rather than large-scale dispersals, was important in the Pleistocene evolutionary history of mammoths.