A spatially-explicit empirical model for assessing conservation values of conifer plantations
A spatially-explicit empirical model for assessing conservation values of conifer plantations
复制标题
用于评估针叶树人工林保护价值的空间明确经验模型
DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.04.038
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Masaki Takashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamaura Yuichi;Lindenmayer David;Yamada Yusuke;Gong Hao;Matsuura Toshiya;Mitsuda Yasushi;Masaki Takashi
种植园正在全球范围内扩张，并在世界许多地区占据主导地位。人工林内的生物多样性保护正在成为一个重要问题，制定保护价值指标很有价值。虽然人工林支持的生物多样性低于天然林，但较老的人工林可以为一些本土树木和相关生物群提供栖息地。乡土树种的数量（断面积）可以作为人工林保育价值的一个简单指标。各种因素可能会影响天然林的增长率与林分年龄。我们建立了一个经验模型来预测阔叶树的数量作为针叶林保护价值的指标。我们量化了阔叶树数量增长率与人工林树种、人工林密度、气候、地形和景观覆盖之间的关系。我们使用了一个层次模型框架的基础上，广泛的快照图数据（n = 3265地块），从日本国家森林资源清查。结果表明，人工林树种对阔叶树增长率的影响最大。日本柳杉和扁柏是日本的两个主要人工林树种（均来自柏树科），增长率较低。在其他树种（松树科的红松、落叶松、冷杉和云杉）的人工林中，阔叶树的数量在20年后开始增加。我们发现，50岁的松树家庭的人工林支持10 - 20%的阔叶树的数量通常发现在古老的天然林。种植树木密度也有重要的，但在阔叶树的增长率的非线性关系。林分种植树木较少，阔叶树的增长率较高。增加率也与积雪深度，温度，坡度和周围的天然林的数量。我们的研究结果表明，与林龄，人工林树种的选择和种植树木的密度相关的管理措施可以有助于人工林的保护价值。由于我们的模型是基于广泛可用的协变量，并容纳林龄，它可能适用于其他地区不同的管理制度。
Plantations are expanding globally and dominate landscapes in many parts of the world. Biodiversity conservation within plantations is becoming an important issue and developing indicators of conservation values is valuable. Although plantations support less biodiversity than natural forests, older plantations can provide habitat for some native trees and associated biota. The amount (basal area) of native trees can be a simple indicator of conservation value of plantations. Various factors are likely to affect rates of increase in native trees in plantations with stand age. We developed an empirical model to predict the amount of broad-leaved trees as an indicator of conservation value of conifer plantations. We quantified relationships between rates of increase in the amount of broad-leaved trees and plantation tree species, density of planted trees, climate, topography and landscape cover. We used a hierarchical modeling framework based on extensive snapshot plot data (n= 3265 plots) from the national forest inventory in Japan. Our results showed that plantation tree species had the largest effect on the rate of increase in broad-leaved trees. Japanese cedarCryptomeria japonicaand hinoki cypressChamaecyparis obtuse, which are two primary plantation species in Japan (both from the cypress family), had low rates of increase. In plantations of other species (red pine, larch, fir and spruce from the pine family), broad-leaved trees started to increase in amount after 20 years. We found that 50-year-old plantations of the pine family supported 10–20% of the amount of broad-leaved trees typically found in old-growth natural forests. Planted tree density also had important, but nonlinear relationships with the rate of increase in broad-leaved trees. Stands with fewer planted trees had higher rates of increase in broad-leaved trees. Rates of increase also were associated with snow depth, temperature, slope angle and the amount of natural forest in the surroundings. Our results suggest that management practices related to stand age, selection of plantation species and the density of planted trees can contribute to the conservation value of plantations. As our model is based on broadly available covariates and accommodates stand age, it may be applicable to other regions under different management regimes.