Molecular Characterization of Copper Resistance Genes from Xanthomonas citri subsp citri and Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp citrumelonis
Molecular Characterization of Copper Resistance Genes from Xanthomonas citri subsp citri and Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp citrumelonis
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.03043-10
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Graham, James H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Behlau, Franklin;Canteros, Blanca I.;Graham, James H.
铜喷雾剂已广泛应用于柑桔黄单胞菌的地方性溃疡病防治。柑橘在柑橘种植区种植了20多年。紫花黄单胞菌亚属。在佛罗里达州的柑橘苗圃中，柑橘种群也经常暴露于铜喷雾中，以防止柑橘细菌性斑疹（CBS）。长期使用这些杀菌剂导致柑橘X.亚种的耐铜（Cu(r)）菌株的发展。柑橘和紫花苜蓿亚科。柠檬酸，导致疾病控制的减少。本研究的目的是首次对柑橘亚种的铜抗性进行遗传鉴定。柑橘和紫花苜蓿亚科。并将这些微生物与其他Cur细菌进行比较。柑桔亚种的铜抗性决定因素。阿根廷柑橘菌株A44（pXccCu2）与alfalfae亚种。对来自美国佛罗里达州的citrumelonis菌株1381（pXacCu2）进行了克隆和测序。在柑橘亚种中发现了与copL、copA、copB、copM、copG、copC、copD和copF基因相关的开放阅读框（orf）。citri A44。除copC和copD外，紫花苜蓿亚种中也存在相同的orf。citrumelonis 1381。对克隆的pXccCu2的铜抗性决定因子进行转座子诱变，结果表明柑橘亚种的铜抗性得到了提高。citri菌株A44的主要原因是copL、copA和copB，它们是在不同Cur细菌中核苷酸同源性最高的克隆簇基因（>= 92%）。
Copper sprays have been widely used for control of endemic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in citrus-growing areas for more than 2 decades. Xanthomonas alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis populations were also exposed to frequent sprays of copper for several years as a protective measure against citrus bacterial spot (CBS) in Florida citrus nurseries. Long-term use of these bactericides has led to the development of copper-resistant (Cu(r)) strains in both X. citri subsp. citri and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis, resulting in a reduction of disease control. The objectives of this study were to characterize for the first time the genetics of copper resistance in X. citri subsp. citri and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis and to compare these organisms to other Cur bacteria. Copper resistance determinants from X. citri subsp. citri strain A44(pXccCu2) from Argentina and X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis strain 1381(pXacCu2) from Florida were cloned and sequenced. Open reading frames (ORFs) related to the genes copL, copA, copB, copM, copG, copC, copD, and copF were identified in X. citri subsp. citri A44. The same ORFs, except copC and copD, were also present in X. alfalfae subsp. citrumelonis 1381. Transposon mutagenesis of the cloned copper resistance determinants in pXccCu2 revealed that copper resistance in X. citri subsp. citri strain A44 is mostly due to copL, copA, and copB, which are the genes in the cloned cluster with the highest nucleotide homology (>= 92%) among different Cur bacteria.