Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism
Visual fixation patterns during viewing of naturalistic social situations as predictors of social competence in individuals with autism
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cohen, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klin, A;Jones, W;Cohen, D
背景：自闭症核心社交缺陷在日常环境中的表现比在明确的实验任务中更为显著。为了使实验测量与临床观察相符，我们报告了一种在模拟日常体验需求的环境中量化社交监控非典型策略的新方法。提高生态效度旨在最大化组间效应量，并评估实验变量相对于社交能力结果测量的预测效用。
方法：在观看社交场景时，眼动追踪技术测量了15名有认知能力的自闭症男性以及15名年龄、性别和言语智商匹配的对照受试者的视觉注视点。我们对4个区域（嘴巴、眼睛、身体和物体）的注视点进行了可靠编码。统计分析比较了两组之间在感兴趣区域的注视时间，以及注视时间与社交能力结果测量（即日常社交调整的标准化测量和自闭症社交症状的程度）的相关性。
结果：在所有4个区域都获得了显著的组间差异。自闭症的最佳预测指标是眼睛区域注视时间减少。对嘴巴和物体的注视与社交功能显著相关：对嘴巴的关注度增加预示着社交调整改善和自闭症社交障碍减轻，而对物体注视时间增加则预示着相反的关系。
结论：在观看自然的社交情境时，自闭症患者表现出异常的社交视觉追踪模式，与眼睛的显著性降低以及嘴巴、身体和物体的显著性增加相符。对嘴巴和物体的注视时间（而非对眼睛的注视时间）是社交能力程度的有力预测指标。
Background: Manifestations of core social deficits in autism are more pronounced in everyday settings than in explicit experimental tasks. To bring experimental n Measures in line with clinical observation, we report a novel method of quantifying atypical strategies of social monitoring in a setting that simulates the demands of daily experience. Enhanced ecological validity, was intended to maximize between-group effect sizes and assess the predictive utility of experimental variables relative to outcome measures of social competence.Methods: While viewing social scenes, eye-tracking technology measured visual fixations in 15 cognitively able males with autism and 15 age-, sex-, and verbal IQ-matched control subjects. We reliably coded fixations on 4 regions: mouth, eyes, body, and objects. Statistical analyses compared fixation time on regions of interest between groups and correlation of fixation time with outcome measures of social competence (ie, standardized measures of daily social adjustment and degree of autistic social symptoms).Results: Significant between-group differences were obtained for all 4 regions. The best predictor of autism was reduced eye region fixation time. Fixation on mouths and objects was significantly correlated with social functioning: increased focus on mouths predicted improved social adjustment and less autistic social impairment, whereas more time on objects predicted the opposite relationship.Conclusions: When viewing naturalistic social situations, individuals with autism demonstrate abnormal patterns of social visual pursuit consistent with reduced salience of eyes and increased salience of mouths, bodies, and objects. Fixation times on mouths and objects but not on eyes are strong predictors of degree of social competence.