Parasites Lost? An Overlooked Hypothesis for the Evolution of Alternative Reproductive Strategies in Amphibians
Parasites Lost? An Overlooked Hypothesis for the Evolution of Alternative Reproductive Strategies in Amphibians
复制标题
寄生虫消失了？
作者：
B. D. Todd
在所有四足脊椎动物中，两栖动物表现出最大的生殖策略多样性。虽然作者传统上将这些策略的进化归因于复杂的地形，不可预测的幼虫环境以及对幼虫和卵的捕食等因素，但对这些假设的支持都是有限的。重要的是，大多数作者都忽略了寄生虫，包括单细胞病原体和多细胞寄生虫，作为能够影响两栖动物进化的选择性媒介。在疾病传播、两栖动物免疫及其与各种生活史的相互作用方面的见解要求我们在探索两栖动物生殖策略的进化过程中考虑寄生虫的选择压力。我回顾了最近的发现，并描述了这些原则是如何汇聚在一起，形成了一个关于两栖动物替代性生殖策略进化的新的概念假设。我提供了一些具体的预测，并建议在两栖动物生殖行为的评估研究中，在构建正式的、可证伪的假设时，将寄生虫与其他选择压力一并考虑。
Amphibians exhibit the greatest diversity of reproductive strategies of all tetrapod vertebrates. While authors have traditionally attributed the evolution of these strategies to factors such as complex topography, unpredictable larval environments, and predation on larvae and eggs, support for any of these hypotheses has been limited. Importantly, most authors have ignored parasites, including unicellular pathogens and multicellular parasites, as selective agents capable of influencing amphibian evolution. Insights in disease transmission, amphibian immunity, and their interaction with various life histories require that we consider parasites to be selective pressures in our exploration of the evolution of amphibian reproductive strategies. I review recent findings and describe how these principles converge to form a novel conceptual hypothesis for the evolution of alternative reproductive strategies in amphibians. I offer some specific predictions and recommend that parasites be considered with other selective pressures when constructing formal, falsifiable hypotheses during evaluative studies of amphibian reproductive behavior.
个体发育过程中 MHC Ia 类和 Ib 类的表达：上皮细胞中的高表达以及 Ia 类和 lmp7 基因的共同调节。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子：
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作者：
Salter-Cid,L;Nonaka,M;Flajnik,MF
通讯作者：
Flajnik,MF