Does phenylethylamine act as an endogenous amphetamine in some patients?
Does phenylethylamine act as an endogenous amphetamine in some patients?
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DOI：
10.1017/s1461145799001522
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Awouters, FHL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janssen, PAJ;Leysen, OE;Awouters, FHL
在脑毛细血管内皮细胞和儿茶酚胺能末梢中，芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶作用的单一脱羧步骤将苯丙氨酸转化为苯乙胺，其速率与多巴胺的中枢合成速率相当。然而，苯乙胺不储存在神经元内囊泡中，并被单胺氧化酶-B迅速降解。苯乙胺虽然半衰期短，但由于其能增强儿茶酚胺能神经传递并诱导纹状体高反应性，因此作为内源性苯丙胺引起了人们的注意。苯乙胺水平低于正常水平与注意力缺陷和抑郁症等疾病有关;司来吉兰（Deprenyl）在帕金森病中的使用可能有助于通过增加中枢苯乙胺的单胺氧化酶-B抑制作用从多巴胺能神经传递缺陷中恢复。过量的苯乙胺尤其被用于偏执型精神分裂症，在这种情况下，苯乙胺被认为是一种内源性安非他明，因此会被精神抑制剂拮抗。苯乙胺在精神障碍中的重要性远未完全阐明，但苯乙胺浓度与症状的关系的演变仍然是一个值得研究的个别精神病患者。
In brain capillary endothelium and catecholaminergic terminals a single decarboxylation step effected by aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase converts phenylalanine to phenylethylamine, at a rate comparable to that of the central synthesis of dopamine. Phenylethylamine, however, is not stored in intra-neuronal vesicles and is rapidly degraded by monoamine oxidase-B. Despite its short half-life, phenylethylamine attracts attention as an endogenous amphetamine since it can potentiate catecholaminergic neurotransmission and induce striatal hyperreactivity. Subnormal phenylethylamine levels have been linked to disorders such as attention deficit and depression; the use of selegiline (Deprenyl) in Parkinson's disease may conceivably favour recovery from deficient dopaminergic neurotransmission by a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitory action that increases central phenylethylamine. Excess phenylethylamine has been invoked particularly in paranoid schizophrenia, in which it is thought to act as an endogenous amphetamine and, therefore, would be antagonized by neuroleptics. The importance of phenylethylamine in mental disorders is far from fully elucidated but the evolution of phenylethylamine concentrations in relation to symptoms remains a worthwhile investigation for individual psychotic patients.