THE SEQUENTIAL HYPOTHESIS OF THE FUNCTION OF SLEEP
THE SEQUENTIAL HYPOTHESIS OF THE FUNCTION OF SLEEP
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DOI：
10.1016/0166-4328(95)00012-i
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发表时间：
1995-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
VESCIA, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GIUDITTA, A;AMBROSINI, MV;VESCIA, S
除了对身体功能的调节作用外，睡眠被认为对新获得的神经信息起主要的处理作用。假设在清醒期间获得的记忆痕迹的激发需要在慢波睡眠（SWS）期间和最终在异相睡眠（PS）期间发生的两个连续步骤。这一观点是由几个考虑因素提出的，其中最重要的是关于成年动物中SWS和PS出现的自然顺序。虽然PS参与记忆处理是有据可查的，但SWS的参与得到了在双向主动回避任务或空间习惯化任务训练的大鼠中进行的基线和试验后EEG分析结果的支持。与对照分析一起，这些数据表明，试验后SWS发作的平均持续时间的显着增加并不反映非特异性偶然因素（如睡眠不足或压力）的结果，但与记忆处理事件有关。几个考虑因素进一步导致了这样的建议，即在SWS期间，在初步选择步骤之后，第一处理操作在于弱化非适应性记忆痕迹。然后，在随后的PS发作期间，将在更好的配置下再次存储剩余的记忆痕迹。这一观点与睡眠的几个相关特征一致，包括SWS和PS期间盛行的EEG波形，以及SWS和PS出现的个体发育序列。关于睡眠作用的一些理论思考也与序贯假说一致。最近的数据表明，大鼠的学习能力与睡眠和觉醒的几个基线EEG特征相关。它们包括PS发作和SWS发作的平均持续时间，然后觉醒（在快速学习大鼠中更长），以及快速学习大鼠的清醒EEG功率谱，其输出在低于10 Hz的频率范围内比在缓慢学习和非学习大鼠中更平衡。额外的EEG数据表明，快速学习大鼠可能会完成“在线”处理新获得的信息，根据一系列的事件没有不同的顺序hypotesis提出的一个。
In addition to modulatory roles concerning bodily functions, sleep is assumed to play a main processing role with regard to newly acquired neural information. Elaboration of memory traces acquired during the waking period is assumed to require two sequential steps taking place during slow wave sleep (SWS) and eventually during paradoxical sleep (PS). This view is suggested by several considerations, not the least of which concerns the natural sequence of appearance of SWS and PS in the adult animal. While the involvement of PS in memory processing is well documented, the involvement of SWS is supported by the results of baseline and post-trial EEG analyses carried out in rats trained for a two-way active avoidance task or a spatial habituation task. Together with control analyses, these data indicate that the marked increase in the average duration of post-trial SWS episodes does not reflect the outcome of non-specific contingent factors, such as sleep loss or stress, but is related to memory processing events. Several considerations have furthermore led to the proposal that, during SWS, after a preliminary selection step, the first processing operation consists in the weakening of non-adaptative memory traces. The remaining memory traces would then be stored again under a better configuration during the ensuing PS episode. This view is in agreement with several relevant features of sleep, including the EEG waveforms prevailing during SWS and PS, as well as the ontogenetic sequence of appearance of SWS and PS. Some theoretical considerations on the role of sleep are also in agreement with the sequential hypothesis. More recent data indicate that the learning capacity of rats is correlated with several baseline EEG features of sleep and wakefulness. They include the average duration of PS episodes and of SWS episodes followed by wakefulness (longer in fast learning rats), and the waking EEG power spectrum of fast learning rats whose output is more balanced in the frequency range below 10 Hz than in slow learning and in non-learning rats. Additional EEG data suggest that fast learning rats may accomplish 'on line' processing of newly acquired information according to a sequence of events not dissimilar from the one proposed by the sequential hypotesis.