SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR
SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR
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DOI：
10.1002/ejsp.2420010202
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发表时间：
1971-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
FLAMENT, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
TAJFEL, H;BILLIG, MG;FLAMENT, C
这些研究的目的是评估社会分类对群体间行为的影响，在群体间的情况下，个人利益的计算和先前存在的敌对态度都不能被认为决定了针对外群体的歧视行为。实验设计中满足了这些条件。在第一个系列的实验中，我们发现，在只有相当不相关的分类变量来区分内群体和外群体的情况下，受试者在实际奖励和惩罚的分配上偏向于自己的群体。在第二系列实验中发现：1）独立于群体成员资格的最大联合利润并没有显着影响受试者分配实际金钱奖励的方式； 2）本组利润最大化确实影响了奖励的分配； 3）对奖励分配最明显的影响是由于受试者试图实现内群体和外群体之间的最大差异，甚至以牺牲其他“客观”优势为代价。研究的设计和结果是在社会规范和期望的框架内进行理论上讨论的，特别是与一些社会中普遍存在的外群体行为的“通用”规范有关。
The aim of the studies was to assess the effefcs of social categorization on intergroup behaviour when, in the intergroup situation, neither calculations of individual interest nor previously existing attitudes of hostility could have been said to have determined discriminative behaviour against an outgroup. These conditions were satisfied in the experimental design. In the first series of experiments, it was found that the subjects favoured their own group in the distribution of real rewards and penalities in a situation in which nothing but the variable of fairly irrelevant classification distinguished between the ingroup and the outgroup. In the second series of experiments it was found that: 1) maximum joint profit independent of group membership did not affect significantly the manner in which the subjects divided real pecuniary rewards; 2) maximum profit for own group did affect the distribution of rewards; 3) the clearest effect on the distribution of rewards was due to the subjects' attempt to achieve a maximum difference between the ingroup and the outgroup even at the price of sacrificing other ‘objective’ advantages.The design and the results of the study are theoretically discussed within the framework of social norms and expectations and particularly in relation to a ‘generic’ norm of outgroup behaviour prevalent in some societies.