DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN - MODE OF ACTION AND STRUCTURE
DIPHTHERIA-TOXIN - MODE OF ACTION AND STRUCTURE
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DOI：
10.1128/mmbr.39.1.54-85.1975
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
COLLIER, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
COLLIER, RJ
近年来积累了丰富的生物化学知识，使人们对各种疾病的致病分子机制进行了卓有成效的研究。在细菌性疾病中，宿主-寄生虫相互作用的许多方面仍然错综复杂，但某些因素已变得易于研究。也许最显著的进展发生在白喉和霍乱等疾病上，这些疾病的主要症状是由一种单一的、强有力的外毒素引起的。在白喉中，这种毒素的存在已经被发现了将近世纪，几乎从它被发现的时候起，它的作用就在各种系统中被研究过。然而，直到20世纪50年代蛋白质合成的基本知识框架建立之后，这些研究才开始产生一致的结果。目前，有充分的理由相信，该分子的毒性是由于抑制蛋白质合成的人的主机，和某些方面的thehemochemistry其行动是已知的详细。概述的问题白喉的病原体，白喉棒状杆菌，通常只发现在上呼吸道的人，牛，马。人类感染可能仍处于亚临床状态，或者杆菌可能在咽、鼻咽或上气管的表面上皮层上和内广泛增殖。这种增殖通常导致形成皮革样假膜，这是该疾病的特征性诊断特征。不太常见，54
INTRODUCTION The wealth of biochemical knowledge accu-mulated in recent years has permitted fruitful study of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity in a wide variety of diseases. In bacterial diseases many aspects of the host-parasite interaction still remain snarled in complexity, but certain factors have become amenable to study. Perhaps the most notable advances haveoc-curred in diseases, such as diphtheria and cholera, in which a single, potent exotoxin is responsible for the major symptoms. In diphtheria the existence of such a toxin has been known for almost a century, and its action has been studied in a variety of systems almost from the time of its discovery. Only after the basic framework of knowledge of protein syn-thesis was established in the 1950s, however, did such studies begin to yield a consistent picture. At the present time there is good reason to believe that the toxicity of the molecule is due to inhibition of protein synthesis in the hu-man host, and certain aspects of thebiochem-istry of its action are known in detail.OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM The causative organism of diphtheria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, is normally found only in the upper respiratory tract of men, cattle, and horses. Infections in man may re-main subclinical, or the bacillus may proliferate extensively upon and within the superficial epithelial layers of the pharynx, nasopharynx, or upper trachea. Such proliferation commonly results in the formation of a leather-like pseudomembrane, which is a characteristic diagnostic feature of the disease. Less commonly, 54