The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States, The, CourseSmart eTextbook
The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States, The, CourseSmart eTextbook
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美国社会分层结构，CourseSmart 电子教科书
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
Leonard Beeghley
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作者：
Leonard Beeghley
前言。1.社会学与分层。关于分层的理论观点。卡尔·马克思。马克斯·韦伯。金斯利·戴维斯和威尔伯特·摩尔。拉尔夫·达伦多夫。格哈德·兰斯基。分层研究的策略。分层的历史和国际层面。分析和分层的层次。权力和分层。2.社会阶级与阶层：职业声望与阶级认同。职业声望。在美国的职业声望。职业声望的含义。职业声望中的种族/民族和性别差异。职业声望随时间的稳定性。职业声望在各个社会中的稳定性？班级标识。阶级识别的模式。阶级识别的涵义。关于有工作的已婚妇女的说明。3.社会阶级和阶层划分：流动性和地位获得。社交移动性。美国的社会流动性。其他国家的社会流动性。社会结构和流动性。阶级结构的再生产。移动性的国际变化。地位的获得。在美国获得地位。在其他国家获得地位。个人和地位的获得。一个小插曲。社会化和地位的获得。4.性别和分层。性别分层的维度。美国的性别分层。其他国家的性别分层。性别分层的一些后果。权威和性别。受害和性别。个人和性别的分层。女性的选择。对妇女的歧视。社会结构和性别分层。性别分层的下降。性别分层的延续。5.种族/族裔和阶层划分。种族和民族分层的层面。美国的种族和民族分层。其他国家的种族和民族分层。种族和民族不平等的一些后果。个人、种族和民族分层。公共场所歧视。各组织的歧视。社会结构和种族和民族分层。种族和民族群体流动的历史变化。今天的种族和民族分层。6.政治参与和权力。政治参与的类型。投票。党派之争。不守规矩。投票率。在美国投票。在其他国家投票。金钱在选举中的作用。获胜的代价。金钱、胜利和连任。钱是从哪里来的？两个例子。社会结构和政治参与。投票的结构。党派之争的根源。金钱和失范。7.《富人》。富人的特点。算上富人。伟大财富的基础。排名靠前的富豪。财富分配的历史走向。库兹涅茨假说。殖民时代。十九世纪。二十世纪。自1980年以来的趋势。《财富的起源与扩张》。权力和财富的不平等。社会阶层和生活方式。8.中产阶级。社会阶层和工作特权。私人养老金。医疗保险。请病假。伤残保险。休假和个人休假时间。最高级别的特权。权力和工作特权。社会阶层、收入不平等和收入转移。社会阶层和收入。收入不平等的趋势。税式支出和收入不平等。权力和收入不平等。社会阶层和生活方式。9.工人阶级。社会阶层和职业。工人阶级和中产阶级的职业。社会阶层和职位设置。社会阶层和工作保障。失业的人类后果。关于工作意义的注解。经济上的剥夺。心理压力。家庭破裂。社会阶层和生活方式。论工人阶级。10.穷人。贫困的维度。美国的贫困问题。其他国家的贫困问题。贫困的衡量标准。穷人真的很穷吗？公共援助与贫困。公共援助计划的特点。公共援助的悖论。贫困的好处。个人与贫困。年龄。种族和民族。家庭特征。低薪工作技能。工作经验。社会结构与贫困。贫困率的长期下降。今天的美国贫困率。结束语。11.全球背景下的美国。美国和发展中国家的贫困和不平等。美国和西方国家的不平等。减少不平等的一些实用策略。12.对分层研究的反思。分层研究中的客观性。分层研究中的研究方法。分层研究中的悖论。附录：《美国社会分层结构》中讨论的假设。参考资料。索引。
Preface. 1.Sociology and Stratification. Theoretical Perspectives on Stratification. Karl Marx. Max Weber. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore. Ralf Dahrendorf. Gerhard Lenski. A Strategy for the Study of Stratification. Historical and International Dimensions of Stratification. Levels of Analysis and Stratification. Power and Stratification. 2.Social Class and Stratification: Occupational Prestige and Class Identification. Occupational Prestige. Occupational Prestige in the United States. The Meaning of Occupational Prestige. Racial/Ethnic and Gender Differences in Occupational Prestige. The Stability of Occupational Prestige over Time. The Stability of Occupational Prestige across Societies? Class Identification. Patterns of Class Identification. The Meaning of Class Identification. A Note on Employed Married Women. 3.Social Class and Stratification: Mobility and Status Attainment. Social Mobility. Social Mobility in the United States. Social Mobility in Other Nations. Social Structure and Mobility. The Reproduction of the Class Structure. International Variations in Mobility. Status Attainment. Status Attainment in the United States. Status Attainment in Other Nations. The Individual and Status Attainment. A Vignette. Socialization and Status Attainment. 4.Gender and Stratification. Dimensions of Gender Stratification. Gender Stratification in the United States. Gender Stratification in Other Nations. Some Consequences of Gender Stratification. Authority and Gender. Victimization and Gender. The Individual and Gender Stratification. Women's Choices. Discrimination against Women. Social Structure and Gender Stratification. The Decline of Gender Stratification. The Continuation of Gender Stratification. 5.Race/Ethnicity and Stratification. Dimensions of Racial and Ethnic Stratification. Racial and Ethnic Stratification in the United States. Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Other Nations. Some Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequality. The Individual and Racial and Ethnic Stratification. Public Place Discrimination. Discrimination by Organizations. Social Structure and Racial and Ethnic Stratification. Historical Variations in Racial and Ethnic Group Mobility. Racial and Ethnic Stratification Today. 6.Political Participation and Power. Types of Political Participation. Voting. Partisanship. Unruliness. The Rate of Voting. Voting in the United States. Voting in Other Nations. The Role of Money in Elections. The Cost of Winning. Money, Winning, and Reelection. Where Does the Money Come From? Two Examples. Social Structure and Political Participation. The Structure of Voting. The Sources of Partisanship. Money and Anomie. 7.The Rich. The Characteristics of the Rich. Counting the Rich. The Basis of Great Wealth. Top Wealthholders. The Historical Trend in the Distribution of Wealth. The Kuznets Hypothesis. The Colonial Era. The Nineteenth Century. The Twentieth Century. The Trend Since 1980. The Origin and Expansion of Wealth. Power and Wealth Inequality. Social Class and Lifestyle. 8.The Middle Class. Social Class and Job Perquisites. Private Pensions. Medical Insurance. Sick Leave. Disability Insurance. Vacation and Personal Leave Time. Top Level Perquisites. Power and Job Perquisites. Social Class, Income Inequality, and Income Transfers. Social Class and Income. Trends in Income Inequality. Tax Expenditures and Income Inequality. Power and Income Inequality. Social Class and Lifestyle. 9.The Working Class. Social Class and Occupation. Working-Class and Middle-Class Occupations. Social Class and Job Setting. Social Class and Job Security. The Human Consequences of Unemployment. A Note on the Meaning of Work. Economic Deprivation. Psychological Stress. Familial Disruption. Social Class and Lifestyle. On the Working Class. 10.The Poor. Dimensions of Poverty. Poverty in the United States. Poverty in Other Nations. The Measurement of Poverty. Are the Poor Really Poor? Public Assistance and Poverty. Characteristics of Public Assistance Programs. The Paradox of Public Assistance. The Benefits of Poverty. The Individual and Poverty. Age. Race and Ethnicity. Family Characteristics. Low-Wage Job Skills. Work Experience. Social Structure and Poverty. The Long-Term Fall in the Poverty Rate. The U.S. Poverty Rate Today. Concluding Comments. 11.The United States in Global Context. Poverty and Inequality in the United States and Developing Nations. Inequality in the United States and Western Nations. Some Practical Strategies for Reducing Inequality. 12.Reflections on the Study of Stratification. Objectivity in the Study of Stratification. Research Methods in the Study of Stratification. Paradox in the Study of Stratification. Appendix: Hypothesis Discussed in The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States. References. Index.