BaYaka forager food sharing networks in the Congo Basin: The roles of gender homophily and kin sharing
BaYaka forager food sharing networks in the Congo Basin: The roles of gender homophily and kin sharing
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.24688
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发表时间：
2023-01-21
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lew-Levy, Sheina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gettler, Lee T.;Redhead, Daniel;Lew-Levy, Sheina
目的：食物共享是一种昂贵的合作形式，这可能是人类进化成功的关键，包括人类生活史战略的出现。人类社区的食物共享可以通过许多途径来维持，包括直接的二元互惠、基于声誉的过程和基于亲属的交换。生育需求、劳动力和文化规范的差异也可能导致合作网络中的性别差异。在这里，我们研究了来自刚果盆地的平等主义巴亚卡人的合作网络。材料和方法：我们收集了这个勉强维持生计的社区中41户112名成年人的社会网络数据。我们使用贝叶斯潜在网络模型来评估食物分享伙伴的个体、并元和区块水平的预测因素。结果：在协变量的条件下，我们发现在食物分享中直接并元互惠的证据有限。尽管当地关于声望回避的规范，我们发现基于身份的同形。地位较高的人、理事会成员和当地的治疗师更有可能相互分享。重要的是，我们的结果突出了食物分享模式中的性别差异，与遗传相关。随着基因联系的增加，女性更有可能彼此分享，尤其是与亲属。讨论：我们的结果与进化框架一致，强调在昂贵的合作中进行亲属选择。结果表明，女性与其他女性，特别是亲属合作，也补充了其他哺乳动物物种基于性别的模式，潜在地反映了管理生育成本和育儿所需的社会支持。巴亚卡妇女的自给自足生产力和地方争取自治和平等主义的文化动力同样有助于促进妇女之间的优先合作。
Objectives: Food sharing is a costly form of cooperation that was likely critical to human evolutionary success, including the emergence of human's life history strategy. Food sharing in human communities may be maintained through a number of pathways, including direct dyadic reciprocity, reputation-based processes, and kin-biased exchange. Differences in reproductive demands, labor, and cultural norms may also result in gendered differences in cooperative networks. Here, we examine cooperative networks in egalitarian BaYaka foragers from the Congo Basin.Materials and Methods: We collected social network data from 112 adults in 41 households in this subsistence community. We implement a Bayesian latent network model to assess individual-, dyadic-, and block-level predictors of food sharing partners.Results: Conditioning on covariates, we found limited evidence for direct dyadic reciprocity in food sharing. Despite local norms regarding prestige avoidance, we found status-based homophily. High-status individuals & mdash;council members and local healers & mdash;were more likely to share with one another. Importantly, our results high -light gender differences in patterns of food sharing, interacting with genetic related-ness. Women were more likely to share with one another, especially with kin as genetic relatedness increased.Discussion: Our results align with evolutionary framing emphasizing kin selection in costly cooperation. The results showing that women cooperate with other women, particularly kin, also complement sex-based patterns in some other mammalian species, potentially reflecting the social support necessary to manage reproductive costs and childcare. BaYaka women's subsistence productivity and local cultural dynamics for autonomy and egalitarianism may likewise help facilitate women's preferential cooperation with one another.