Investigating fine-scale spatio-temporal predator-prey patterns in dynamic marine ecosystems: a functional data analysis approach
Investigating fine-scale spatio-temporal predator-prey patterns in dynamic marine ecosystems: a functional data analysis approach
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02114.x
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Scott, Beth E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Embling, Clare B.;Illian, Janine;Scott, Beth E.
1.海洋生态系统的空间管理需要详细了解连接物理和生物过程的时空机制。潮流是温带沿海生态系统中生态系统动态的主要驱动力，通过影响猎物分布和生态来影响捕食者觅食生态。潮汐流之间的机械联系，以及它们如何影响捕食者和猎物的行为和相互作用，在一个很好的尺度是不理解的。要研究海洋学、被捕食者和捕食者行为随潮流的细微变化，就需要在短时间内对同一地点进行重复调查。这些数据在时间和空间上具有高度的自相关性，需要适当的分析工具.我们使用功能数据分析（FDA），特别是功能主成分分析（FPCA），分析重复的，精细的规模，在北海收集的调查数据。FPCA被用来探讨一个重要的北海猎物物种（沙螺属）的行为之间的关系。和一个脆弱的表面觅食捕食者（黑腿三趾鸥里萨tridactyla）与细尺度潮汐驱动的生物物理特性的变化（温度分层和最大次表层叶绿素浓度）. FPCA表明，在最大落潮（ME）电流，沙鳅聚集在靠近表面。表面喂养三趾鸥也被发现在最高的数字在ME的位置，高地下叶绿素浓度和浅的Sandeel聚集。我们认为，一个分层良好的水柱与不平坦的地形上的潮流运动相结合，导致了三趾鸥利用的沙的表面聚集。合成与应用。功能数据分析为研究自然生态系统的时空格局提供了一个有用的工具。结合细尺度重复调查设计，我们确定了潮汐在驱动猎物行为，因此捕食者觅食行为的重要性。这对确定海洋保护区选择的重要海洋生境和渔业资源评估都有影响。因此，我们建议，在设计温带沿海生态系统的海洋调查时，应考虑到潮汐方面的问题，以确保最好地确定重要的海洋生境，并提高鱼类资源评估的准确性。
1. Spatial management of marine ecosystems requires detailed knowledge of spatio-temporal mechanisms linking physical and biological processes. Tidal currents, the main driver of ecosystem dynamics in temperate coastal ecosystems, influence predator foraging ecology by affecting prey distribution and ecology. The mechanistic links between tidal currents and how they influence predatorprey behaviour and interactions at a fine scale are poorly understood.2. Studies of fine-scale changes in oceanography, prey and predator behaviour with tidal currents require repeated surveys of the same location over brief time-scales. Such data are highly temporally and spatially autocorrelated and require appropriate analytical tools.3. We used functional data analysis (FDA), specifically functional principal component analysis (FPCA), to analyse repeated, fine-scale, survey data collected in the North Sea. FPCA was used to explore the relationship between the behaviour of an important North Sea prey species (sandeel Ammodytes spp.) and a vulnerable surface-foraging predator (black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla) with fine-scale tidally driven changes in bio-physical characteristics (temperature stratification and maximumsubsurface chlorophyll concentration).4. The FPCA indicated that sandeels were aggregated close to the surface at maximum ebb (ME) currents. Surface-feeding kittiwakes were also found in highest numbers during ME in locations of both high subsurface chlorophyll concentration and shallow sandeel aggregations. We suggest that the combination of a well-stratified water column with the movement of tidal currents over uneven topography results in surface aggregations of sandeels which kittiwakes exploit.5. Synthesis and applications. Functional Data Analysis provides a useful tool for examining spatio-temporal patterns in natural ecosystems. In combination with fine-scale repeated survey design, we identified the importance of tide in driving prey behaviour and hence predator foraging behaviour. This has implications both for critical marine habitat identification for Marine Protected Area selection and for fisheries stock assessments. We therefore recommend that tidal aspects should be taken into account when designing marine surveys in temperate coastal ecosystems both to ensure the best identification of critical marine habitat and to improve the accuracy of fish stock assessments.