The Principle of "Naisai _??__??_" (Conciliation) in the Settlement of Water-right Disputes in Civil Affairs Procedure in the Yedo Period
The Principle of "Naisai _??__??_" (Conciliation) in the Settlement of Water-right Disputes in Civil Affairs Procedure in the Yedo Period
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江户时代民政诉讼中水权纠纷解决的“内调_??_____”原则
DOI：
10.5955/jalha.1951.183
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发表时间：
1951
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Otake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Otake
江户时代的民事诉讼程序与现代民事诉讼程序相比，表现出其独特性。其特点是，司法机关力图通过当事人之间的“调停”来解决一切可能发生的纠纷。这一特点在水权纠纷的解决程序中尤为突出。在每一个阶段。在诉讼过程中，提出了调解建议，作为该诉讼阶段的必要组成部分。这些频繁的调解建议源于通过“内塞”解决尽可能多的争端的原则。尽管“内祭”类似于现代法律体系中的妥协、调解和仲裁程序，但这种频繁插入的调解建议使江户时代的法律程序与现代法律程序有所不同。当然，如果“乃塞”作为法律程序的一部分而作出，则“乃塞”与法院的判决具有同等的法律效力。水权程序中“乃塞”原则的偏好是因为，在景观和水流走向的任何变化都可能使局势发生重大变化的案件中，法官犹豫是否做出决定性的判决。法官们避免做出严厉的判决，而是以仁慈的方式提供公平的解决方案，努力维护司法权威的威信。然而，通过奈塞解决，有时会导致不公正，因为解决办法容易受到强权政治的影响。
The civil affairs procedure in the Yedo Period, as contrasted with the modern civil procedure, shows a unique. character in that the judicial authorities tried to settle whatever disputes possible through "Naisai" or conciliation between the parties concerned.This characteristic was especially conspicuous in the procedure for settlement of water-right disputes. In every stage of. the proceeding, recommendations for conciliation were made as a necessary part of that stage of the proceeding. These frequent recommendations for conciliation derived from tha principle of settling as many disputes as possible through "Naisai." This frequent insertion of recommendations for conciliation distinguishes the legal procedure of the Yedo Period from that of the modern times, though the "Naisai " resembles the procedure of compromise, mediation and arbitration in the modern legal system. As a matter of course, "Naisai" obtains equal legal effect with a sentence given by a law court if the Naisai is made as a part of a legal procedure.Preference of the " Naisai " principle in the water-right procedures is accounted for by the fact that the judges hesitated to give a sentence of a decisive nature on a case in which any change of landscape and the course of water-flow may greatly change the situation. Avoiding to give a rigid sentence and acting as a benevolent giver of an equitable solution, the judges tried to safeguard the prestige of the judicial authority. Settlement through Naisai, however, sometimes resulted in injustice, as the settlement was liable to be influenced by power politics.