The oak woodland bird conservation plan: a strategy for protecting and managing oak woodland habitats and associated birds in California
The oak woodland bird conservation plan: a strategy for protecting and managing oak woodland habitats and associated birds in California
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橡树林鸟类保护计划：保护和管理加利福尼亚州橡树林栖息地和相关鸟类的策略
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Stralberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Zack;Mary K. Chase;G. Geupel;D. Stralberg
超过330种鸟类、哺乳动物、爬行动物和两栖动物在其生命周期的某个阶段依赖于加州的橡树林地（图1）（Barrett 1980; Verner 1980; Block and莫里森1998）。这些林地能够维持如此丰富的野生动物，主要是因为它们生产橡子，一种高质量的，经常是丰富的食物供应。加州的鸟？美国的橡树林地主要通过橡树果与这个独特的栖息地相连，橡树果是数十种物种食用和储存的橡树果实。这种生态关系也是相互的：像西部灌丛鸦（Aphelocoma californica），Steller？的松鸦（Cyanocita stelleri）和黄嘴喜鹊（Pica nuttalli）不完全检索缓存橡子，从而作为整个景观的橡树苗的传播者。大橡树也为依赖洞穴筑巢的鸟类和其他野生动物提供洞穴，以及橡子啄木鸟，nuthatches和其他物种的缓存场所。此外，橡树通常寄生槲寄生，槲寄生的果实是西部蓝知更鸟（Sialia mexicana），Phainopepla（Phainopepla nitens）和其他物种的重要食物。橡树和鸟类之间的联系是深刻而多样的。橡树还以洞穴的形式为筑巢提供了重要的庇护所。此外，橡树林地是加州最珍贵的林地之一？这既出于美学的原因，也出于实用的需要，如拾柴和放牧。
Over 330 species of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians depend on oak woodlands in California (fig. 1) at some stage in their life cycle (Barrett 1980; Verner 1980; Block and Morrison 1998). These woodlands are able to sustain such abundant wildlife primarily because they produce acorns, a high quality and frequently copious food supply. The birds of California?s oak woodlands are connected to this distinctive habitat mainly through acorns, the fruits of oaks that are eaten and stored by dozens of species. This ecological relationship is also reciprocal: species like Western Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica), Steller?s Jays (Cyanocita stelleri), and Yellow-billed Magpies (Pica nuttalli) do not completely retrieve cached acorns and thus act as dispersers of oak seedlings across the landscape. Large oak trees also provide cavities for cavity dependent nesting birds and other wildlife, as well as caching sites for acorn woodpeckers, nuthatches, and other species. Additionally, Oaks commonly host mistletoe, the fruits of which are an important food for Western Bluebirds (Sialia mexicana), Phainopepla (Phainopepla nitens), and other species. The ties between oaks and birds are profound and diverse. Oaks also provide important shelter in the form of cavities for nesting. Moreover, oak woodlands are among the most highly prized of California?s landscapes, for both aesthetic reasons and utilitarian needs such as firewood collection and grazing.