Indirect measurement in morphological typology
Indirect measurement in morphological typology
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形态类型学的间接测量
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Bernhard Wälchli
中科院分区：
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作者：
Bernhard Wälchli
语言的不同在于一个词包含多少信息。1考虑例子（1），英语使用四个词来表达芬兰语中一个词所表达的内容。芬兰语是一种比英语更综合的语言。在最大分析的词结构中，一个词在同一时间只表达一个词汇或一个语法意义。因此，分析语言有许多虚词，这些词只表达语法意义，如介词和代词。在合成词结构中，一个词沿着它的词汇意义，表达几种语法意义。语法词素如格和所有格词缀比比皆是，如（1b），其中有一个推断格标记和第三人称的所有格后缀。
Languages differ in how much information is packed in a word.1 Consider example (1) where English uses four words for what is expressed in one word in Finnish. Finnish is a more synthetic language than English. In maximally analytic word structure, a word expresses only one lexical or one grammatical meaning at a time. Accordingly, analytic languages have many function words, words expressing grammatical meaning only, such as prepositions and pronouns. In synthetic word structure, a word expresses several grammatical meanings along with its lexical meaning. Grammatical morphemes such as case and possessive affixes abound as in (1b) where there is an illative case marker and a possessive suffix for the third person.