Vertical Distribution of Termites on Trees in Two Forest Landscapes in Taiwan
Vertical Distribution of Termites on Trees in Two Forest Landscapes in Taiwan
复制标题
台湾两处森林景观树木上白蚁的垂直分布
作者：
Hou;Hsin‐Ting Yeh;Chun;Chih;M. Tsai
摘要白蚁是森林生态系统中的重要功能群，也是危害林木的主要害虫。为了研究白蚁在整株树上的为害规律，我们对108株黑板树、灯台树Alstonia scholaris（L.）R. Br.，和50株日本柳杉、柳杉Cryptomeria japonica（L. f.）D.唐，分成小组。沿沿着观察树皮表面和树干横截面。一个高比例的黑板树（92.6%）被真菌生长的白蚁，Odontotermes formosanus（白），但损害仅限于树皮表面在2米的高度。湿木白蚁Neotermes koshunensis（Shiraki）的侵染率仅为4.6%（5/108），且均与树干伤口有关。N. koshunensis在树体上的分布显著高于O.福尔摩沙人。在50棵日本雪松中，20棵活树没有受到任何白蚁的侵扰，但30棵死树中有26棵受到地下白蚁（Reticulitermes flaviceps（Oshima））的侵扰，这些白蚁在树干上挖掘隧道。基底部的感染率高于远端。只有一个日本雪松树被另一种湿木白蚁，Glyptotermes satsumensis（Matsumura）。两种优势白蚁O. formosanus和R.有地下巢穴，自下而上侵入树木。两种原始白蚁N. koshunensis和G.温州蜜柑的侵染率较低，且最有可能由上而下通过有翅虫侵染树木。木白蚁科、鼻白蚁科和白蚁科的树木生态位分离明显。
Abstract Termites are a key functional group in the forest ecosystem, but they damage trees. To investigate the termite infestation pattern on the whole tree, we cut 108 blackboard trees, Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br., and 50 Japanese cedars, Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don, into sections. The bark surface and cross sections of the tree trunk were examined along the axes. A high percentage of blackboard trees (92.6%) was infested by fungus-growing termites, Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki), but damage was limited to the bark surface at a 2-m height. The infestation rate of dampwood termites, Neotermes koshunensis (Shiraki), was only 4.6% (5/108), and all infestations were associated with trunk wounds. N. koshunensis was found at significantly higher portion of a tree than O. formosanus. Among 50 Japanese cedars, 20 living trees were not infested by any termites, but 26 of the 30 dead trees were infested by subterranean termites, Reticulitermes flaviceps (Oshima), which excavated tunnels in the trunk. The infestation rate at basal sections was higher than that at distal sections. Only one Japanese cedar tree was infested by another dampwood termite, Glyptotermes satsumensis (Matsumura). The two dominant termite species, O. formosanus and R. flaviceps, had subterranean nests and infested trees from bottom up. The two primitive termites N. koshunensis and G. satsumensis had low infestation rates and are most likely to infest trees by alates from top down. The niche segregation in trees of three termite families, Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, and Termitidae, was distinct.