Quantum control of proximal spins using nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging
Quantum control of proximal spins using nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging
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DOI：
10.1038/nphys1999
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Yacoby, A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grinolds, M. S.;Maletinsky, P.;Yacoby, A.
凝聚态系统中单个自旋的量子控制是一个新兴领域，在自旋电子学（1）、量子计算（2）和灵敏磁力学（3）中具有广泛的应用。最近的实验已经证明了通过光学（4，5）或电学技术（6-8）解决和操纵单电子自旋的能力。然而，将单个自旋控制扩展到纳米尺度的多电子系统是一个挑战，因为单个自旋通常无法用现有方法解决。在这里，我们表明，相干的个人自旋控制可以实现与几纳米的分辨率为近端电子自旋进行单自旋磁共振成像（MRI），这是实现使用扫描磁场梯度，既强到足以实现纳米空间分辨率和足够稳定的相干自旋操作。我们将这种扫描场梯度MRI技术应用于金刚石中氮空位（NV）中心的电子自旋，并在单个自旋的成像，表征和操作中实现纳米分辨率。对于NV中心，我们的研究结果表明，与传统的光学衍射限制技术相比，在空间分辨率的近两个数量级的改善。这种扫描场梯度显微镜能够实现广泛的应用，包括材料表征，自旋纠缠和纳米级磁力测量。
Quantum control of individual spins in condensed-matter systems is an emerging field with wide-ranging applications in spintronics(1), quantum computation(2) and sensitive magnetometry(3). Recent experiments have demonstrated the ability to address and manipulate single electron spins through either optical(4,5) or electrical techniques(6-8). However, it is a challenge to extend individual-spin control to nanometre-scale multi-electron systems, as individual spins are often irre-solvable with existing methods. Here we demonstrate that coherent individual-spin control can be achieved with few-nanometre resolution for proximal electron spins by carrying out single-spin magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is realized using a scanning-magnetic-field gradient that is both strong enough to achieve nanometre spatial resolution and sufficiently stable for coherent spin manipulations. We apply this scanning-field-gradient MRI technique to electronic spins in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres in diamond and achieve nanometre resolution in imaging, characterization and manipulation of individual spins. For NV centres, our results in individual-spin control demonstrate an improvement of nearly two orders of magnitude in spatial resolution when compared with conventional optical diffraction-limited techniques. This scanning-field-gradient microscope enables a wide range of applications including materials characterization, spin entanglement and nanoscale magnetometry.