Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: the role of the amygdala and fusiform face area
Developmental deficits in social perception in autism: the role of the amygdala and fusiform face area
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.12.012
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发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Schultz, RT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schultz, RT
自闭症是一种严重的发育障碍，其特征是三联征缺陷，包括相互社会交往受损、早期语言和沟通延迟以及存在刻板、重复和局限性行为。在这篇综述中，有人认为对自闭症谱系障碍神经生物学基础的研究应聚焦于社会缺陷，因为只有这些缺陷是自闭症所特有的，而且就构建该疾病的病理生理学模型而言，它们可能最具信息量。许多近期研究记录了自闭症谱系障碍患者在准确识别面部身份和面部表情方面存在困难。本文综述了有关自闭症面部感知异常的行为学文献，并与该领域的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）文献相结合，提出了一个自闭症病理生理学的启发式模型。该模型假定自闭症存在涉及杏仁核的早期发育失败，对介导视觉领域社会感知的皮质区域（特别是腹侧颞叶的梭状“面部区域”）的发育产生级联影响。此外，现在有一些引人深思的数据表明，腹侧颞叶通路的视觉感知区域也在人的语义属性表征、社会知识和社会认知中以重要方式发挥作用。据推测，社会感知和社会认知在发育过程中通常是相互关联的，因此儿童时期社会感知技能的增长为社会技能发展提供了重要的支撑。有人认为，面部感知和社会认知技能的发展得到杏仁核 - 梭状系统的支持，并且该网络的缺陷是导致自闭症的重要原因。（C）2005年由爱思唯尔有限公司代表国际标准连续出版物编号（ISDN）出版
Autism is a severe developmental disorder marked by a triad of deficits, including impairments in reciprocal social interaction, delays in early language and communication, and the presence of restrictive, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In this review, it is argued that the search for the neurobiological bases of the autism spectrum disorders should focus on the social deficits, as they alone are specific to autism and they are likely to be most informative with respect to modeling the pathophysiology of the disorder. Many recent studies have documented the difficulties persons with an autism spectrum disorder have accurately perceiving facial identity and facial expressions. This behavioral literature on face perception abnormalities in autism is reviewed and integrated with the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature in this area, and a heuristic model of the pathophysiology of autism is presented. This model posits an early developmental failure in autism involving the amygdala, with a cascading influence on the development of cortical areas that mediate social perception in the visual domain, specifically the fusiform "face area" of the ventral temporal lobe. Moreover, there are now some provocative data to suggest that visual perceptual areas of the ventral temporal pathway are also involved in important ways in representations of the semantic attributes of people, social knowledge and social cognition. Social perception and social cognition are postulated as normally linked during development such that growth in social perceptual skills during childhood provides important scaffolding for social skill development. It is argued that the development of face perception and social cognitive skills are supported by the amygdala-fusiform system, and that deficits in this network are instrumental in causing autism. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of ISDN.