Neurocognitive deficits in alcoholics and social drinkers: A continuum?
Neurocognitive deficits in alcoholics and social drinkers: A continuum?
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DOI：
10.1097/00000374-199806000-00029
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发表时间：
1998-06-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Parsons, OA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parsons, OA
我们的研究项目几十年来一直在研究清醒酗酒者的神经认知缺陷。我们已经证明，与同龄非酒精对照者相比，男性和女性成年酗酒者在团队合作、记忆、抽象、解决问题、感知分析和综合、信息处理速度和效率测试方面都有缺陷。这些缺陷与已知患有轻度至中度脑功能障碍的患者中发现的缺陷相当。试图找出酗酒以外的因素来解释这些差异，但没有成功。赤字似乎会在四到五年内缓慢缓解。康复中的酗酒者的复发是通过治疗结束时获得的行为（例如抑郁症状和神经认知表现）和生物学测量（例如事件相关电位）来预测的。最近的研究结果支持了神经认知缺陷连续性的假设，范围从 Korsakoff 患者中发现的严重缺陷到酗酒者中发现的中度缺陷以及重度社交饮酒者（每周饮酒超过 21 杯）的中度至轻度缺陷。据推测，社交饮酒者和酗酒者神经认知缺陷的存在和严重程度存在个体差异，部分原因是大脑对酒精或其代谢物毒性作用的脆弱性存在个体差异。
Our research program has investigated neurocognitive deficits in sober alcoholics for several decades. We have shown that both male and female adult alcoholics-compared with peer nonalcoholic controls-have deficits on tests of teaming, memory, abstracting, problem-solving, perceptual analysis and synthesis, speed of information processing, and efficiency. The deficits are equivalent to those found in patients with known brain dysfunction of a mild to moderate nature. Attempts to identify factors other than alcoholism to account for these differences have been unsuccessful. The deficits appear to remit slowly over 4 to 5 years. Relapse of recovering alcoholics is predicted by behavioral (e.g., depressive symptoms and neurocognitive performance) and biological measures (e.g., event-related potentials) obtained at the end of treatment. Results of recent, studies support the hypothesis of a continuum of neurocognitive deficits ranging from the severe deficits found in Korsakoff patients to moderate deficits found in alcoholics and moderate to mild deficits in heavy social drinkers (more than 21 drinks/week). Individual differences in the presence and magnitude of neurocognitive deficits in social drinkers and alcoholics are hypothesized to be due, in part, to individual differences in vulnerability of the brain to alcohol or its metabolites' toxic effects.