Aflatoxin: A 50-Year Odyssey of Mechanistic and Translational Toxicology
Aflatoxin: A 50-Year Odyssey of Mechanistic and Translational Toxicology
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfq283
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Groopman, John D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kensler, Thomas W.;Roebuck, Bill D.;Groopman, John D.
自50年前发现黄曲霉毒素以来，黄曲霉毒素已被公认为经济发展中世界各地普遍存在的人类食物供应污染物。这些化合物在人群中的不良毒理学后果相当不同，因为广泛的暴露会导致急性影响，包括快速死亡和慢性后果，如肝细胞癌。此外，新出现的研究描述了与黄曲霉毒素有关的各种一般不良健康影响，如儿童生长发育受损。黄曲霉毒素暴露也被证明会成倍增加慢性乙肝病毒感染者患肝癌的风险，这表明即使饮食中的低毒素水平也会对人类健康构成有害影响。接触黄曲霉毒素对公众健康的影响是普遍存在的。具有内部和生物有效剂量的黄曲霉毒素生物标记物对于确定这种毒素在人类疾病中的病因学作用是不可或缺的，因为它可以更好地估计暴露，扩大对疾病发病机制的了解，并作为实施和评估预防干预措施的工具。
Since their discovery 50 years ago, the aflatoxins have become recognized as ubiquitous contaminants of the human food supply throughout the economically developing world. The adverse toxicological consequences of these compounds in populations are quite varied because of a wide range of exposures leading to acute effects, including rapid death, and chronic outcomes such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, emerging studies describe a variety of general adverse health effects associated with aflatoxin, such as impaired growth in children. Aflatoxin exposures have also been demonstrated to multiplicatively increase the risk of liver cancer in people chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) illustrating the deleterious impact that even low toxin levels in the diet can pose for human health. The public health impact of aflatoxin exposure is pervasive. Aflatoxin biomarkers of internal and biologically effective doses have been integral to the establishment of the etiologic role of this toxin in human disease through better estimates of exposure, expanded knowledge of the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, and as tools for implementing and evaluating preventive interventions.